<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681</id><updated>2011-08-13T10:05:37.429-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Big Brother</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-3013109997055692695</id><published>2009-07-08T16:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-08T16:24:41.763-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Radicalism Goes Mainstream&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by Gary DeMar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why does the Left sympathize with radical Islamic extremists? Over the July 4th weekend a story about how a recent New York City Council resolution that recommend the city’s school system shut down to commemorate two of the most important Muslim holidays was picked up by Islamic groups and declared as a victory for Allah and Islam. Why would these nut-balls do such a thing? By “nut-balls,” I mean the New York City Council. This is the same New York City that went through the horrors of 9–11. What are these people thinking? Even Mayor Bloomberg has better sense. Give him time. It won’t be long before he capitulates. “Righteous violence” has always been rationalized by the Left going back to early Union violence because it was a means to bring down the establishment:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The use of violence was justified, many in the New Left comforted themselves, because theirs was a violence to end all violence, a liberating and righteous violence that would rid the world of a system that deformed and destroyed people. Such glorious ends justified, even ennobled, violent means.[1]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Organizations like Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) used violent rhetoric almost from their inception in the early 1960s. John Lewis, the very liberal Democrat representative from Georgia, boasted when he addressed the March on Washington in August 1963, “We will march through the South, . . . the way Sherman did. We shall pursue our own ‘scorched earth’ policy and burn Jim Crow to the ground—nonviolently. We shall crack the South into a thousand pieces and put them back together in the image of democracy.”[2] From September 1969 to May 1970 radical leftists in the United States “committed about 250 attacks, or almost one terrorist bombing a day (government estimates put that number much higher). During the summer of 1970, there were twenty bombings a week in California.”[3]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If this isn’t enough, there was a bizarre link between the Weathermen, the SDS, and Charles Manson. Bernardine Dohrn, who is married to ACORN leader Bill Ayers and is an Associate Professor of Law at Northwestern University School of Law and the Director of Northwestern's Children and Family Justice Center, was a member of the Weather Underground who made the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted list. At a 1969 “War Council” meeting held in Flint, Michigan, organized by the Weathermen, she told the crowd of about 400: “Offing those rich pigs with their own forks and knives, and then eating a meal in the same room, far out! The Weathermen dig Charles Manson.”[4]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a time Manson was the darling of anti-war protester Jerry Rubin. Rubin wrote of Manson in We Are Everywhere: “His words and courage inspired us. . . . Manson’s soul is easy to touch because it lays quite bare on the surface.”[5] Rubin later admitted that he was angered by Manson’s “incredible male chauvinism.” High praises for ritualistic, political murder but indignation for male chauvinism. Typical. A reporter for the Los Angeles Free Press expressed similar sentiments when he found out that Manson was “both anti-Jewish and anti-black.”[6]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why did some on the radical left see Manson as a hero? Perhaps it was because Manson articulated the same rhetoric of violence that spewed forth from the SDS and Weathermen and actually put their views into action as a way to bring down “the system.” Manson believed that the Tate-LaBianca murders he orchestrated would start a race war. Manson had acted upon the radical revolutionary tactics that Tom Hayden, Huey Newton, and Bernardine Dohrn had been suggesting for quite some time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is significant that Timothy McVeigh and Islamic extremists share the rhetoric of 1960s radicals. Two years before he blew up the Morrow building, McVeigh wrote a letter to the Union-Sun &amp; Journal (Lockport, New York): “We have no proverbial tea to dump; should we instead sink a ship full of Japanese imports? Is a civil war imminent? Do we have to shed blood to reform the current system? I hope it doesn’t come to that, but it might.” Compare McVeigh’s rhetoric with that of Hayden: “Violence can contribute to shattering the status quo.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was a desperate and radical response directed at “the establishment.” It’s conformity to liberal resistance tactics is frightening—but no liberal reporter is likely to make the connection. The Left has worked too long to establish itself as a political and cultural force to admit that its history is filled with incendiary rhetoric and real violence. Did Bin Laden follow the Left’s tactics in his assault on America? Are radical Islamic Muslims following a similar plan?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The American Left is trying to destroy our nation in hopes of building a new one by capitulating to what they believe are common goals with radical Islamists and by undermining the core values of America through the tactics set forth by Saul Alinsky (1909–1972) in his Rules for Radicals. It was Alinsky who wrote, “Do one of three things. One, go find a wailing wall and feel sorry for yourselves. Two, go psycho and start bombing—but this will only swing people to the right. Three, learn a lesson. Go home, organize, build power and at the next convention, you be the delegates.”[7] Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama are students of Alinsky’s methods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hillary had met Alinsky at Methodist church outing when she was a teenager. They were impressed with one another. In late 1968, Alinsky offered Hillary Rodham a job working for him. She had insider aspirations. She wrote her Senior Thesis on Alinsky in 1969: “There is Only the Fight . . .”: An Analysis of the Alinsky Model. While Alinsky believed that “the system” could only be changed from the outside, Hillary believed it could be changed from the inside. She, and many others like her (e.g., Ayers and Dohrn), took Alinsky’s “radical” methods and made them mainstream. “Seventeen years later, another young honor student was offered a job as an organizer in Chicago. By then, Alinsky had died, but a group of his disciples hired Barack Obama, a 23-year-old Columbia University graduate, to organize black residents on the South Side, while learning and applying Alinsky's philosophy of street-level democracy. The recruiter called the $13,000-a-year job ‘very romantic, until you do it.’” The rest, as they say, is history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the most part, Alinsky’s methods were not that radical. There was nothing wrong with going to law school, as Clinton did, or working for “street-level democracy.” The methodological predecessor to Alinsky, Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937), “used the sixteenth-century Reformation as a paradigm for his notion of the ‘organic intellectual’. Gramsci’s assertion that ‘all people are intellectuals, but not all people have the function of intellectuals in society’ directly parallels Martin Luther’s emphatic insistence that ‘all believers are priests, but not all believers have the function . . . of priests in the church.’”[8] It’s unfortunate that much of the church was silent as Gramsci, Alinsky, and other intellectuals laid the groundwork for today’s mainstream radicalism. Alister McGrath’s comments ought to be heeded:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Christianity is to survive and flourish, it needs organic theologians, not well-intentioned yet tunnel-visioned students of Richard Hooker or Thomas Aquinas, who know their ideas backwards, yet can neither critique nor apply them, nor even see the need to do so. Nor does it need theologians who simply mimic the alien values of western academic culture, which scorns commitment and excoriates religion. Happily, there are many theologians within the academic system whose loyalties lie beyond it. Our quarrel is not with academic excellence, but with academic introversion. Gramsci was no friend of the church in his time; perhaps now, his ideas might come it its aid.[9]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“And his master praised the unrighteous manager because he had acted shrewdly; for the sons of this age are more shrewd in relation to their own kind than the sons of light” (Luke 16:8).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Post Reply | View Replies (No longer required to be registered to comment on Daily Articles)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Endnotes &lt;br /&gt;1 Richard J. Ellis, The Dark Side of the Left: Illiberal Egalitarianism in America (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997), 137. &lt;br /&gt;2 John Lewis, “A Serious Revolution,” in Massimo Teodori, ed., The New Left: A Documentary History (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969), 102. &lt;br /&gt;3 Jonah Goldberg, Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 188. &lt;br /&gt;4 Vincent Bugliosi, with Curt Gentry, Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders (New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 1974), 222. Rothman and Lichter tell it a little differently in Roots of Radicalism: “Dig it: First they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they even shoved a fork into the victim’s stomach. Wild!” (42).&lt;br /&gt;5 Jerry Rubin, We Are Everywhere (New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1971). Quoted in Bugliosi and Gentry, Helter Skelter, 221–222. &lt;br /&gt;6 Bugliosi and Gentry, Helter Skelter, 222. &lt;br /&gt;7Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals (New York: Vintage Books, [1971] 1989), xxiii. &lt;br /&gt;8 Alister E. McGrath, The Future of Christianity (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), 146. &lt;br /&gt;9 McGrath, The Future of Christianity, 153. Saul D. Alinsky&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Article posted July 7, 2009&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-3013109997055692695?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/3013109997055692695/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/radicalism-goes-mainstream-by-gary.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/3013109997055692695'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/3013109997055692695'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/radicalism-goes-mainstream-by-gary.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-8615485675446920291</id><published>2009-07-06T16:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-06T16:25:36.709-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Atlas Shrugs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;« Bo's Hos | Main | Obama drafts executive order to allow indefinite detentions .... for whom? For you? »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, June 27, 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Charter of Dhimmitude: Execution of "US Muslim Engagement", Obama Creates New Office for Outreach to the Ummah: Farah Pandith&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) says jump, and BO says, how high, master? Obama had the OIC head, Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, at the White House, where he "urged the U.S. to quickly appoint an envoy to the Islamic bloc" -- which prompted BHO to create "a new office that is responsible for outreach with Muslims around the world".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In keeping with instituting Obama's US MUSLIM ENGAGEMENT, a charter of dhimmitude, we are to be conditioned to respect Muslim immigrants and accept their culture. President Hussein is more than comfortable with this deal with the devil as he seeks to institute an Islamo-Christian ethic, destroying the very foundation of this great country. Never mind that Muslims go after and annihilate the Christians in every country they finally dominate. This is of no import.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;America only has to look to Europe to see the devastating consequences of what is proposed in the implementation of the US Muslim Engagement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since taking office Obama has focused on three things - the transformation of our capitalistic economy to a form of socialist statist fascism, the abdication of American sovereignty to a trans-nationalism (one world-er) and the advancement of the worldwide domination of Islam, the ultimate goal of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). There is conspiracy theory and conspiracy fact - the global jihad is conspiracy fact. And the OIC is behind it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama invited the "secretary general" to the White House on the Islamic leg of his apology tour of Europe. Obama refused Sarkozy's offer to visit Normandy, choosing instead to tour the mosques of Turkey and attend the second forum of the OIC arm, the "alliance of civilizations" (AoC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Alliance of Civilizations [was] created to oppose the clash of civilizations, that is jihad.  On 13 November 2006, the High-Level Group of the Alliance of Civilizations presented its report which sums up the request of the OIC at its Mecca Summit 9, in 2005, after the Cartoons affair. First, it adopts the Islamic view of history and politics by claiming that everything was fine between the three monotheistic religions until the 19th century, when the evil of European colonialism and Zionism destroyed this harmony. Then it affirms that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the main source of Christian-Muslim antagonism, not the jihadist war and ideology that deny for others the right to exist. It proclaims that this conflict “remains one of the gravest threats to international stability” and formulates recommendations that again echo the OIC requests. Such views mirror Hitler accusing the Jews of fomenting World War II, or the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, praised in the Hamas charter, the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood which denies Israel’sright to exist. (Bat Ye'or)&lt;br /&gt;The Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, reconnoitered with Obama during the official reception of the AoC  given by the Turkish Prime Minister, Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (who famously said that "there is no moderate Islam" just days before Barack Hussein's visit). Obama reiterated to the Secretary General the willingness and readiness of the US Administration to explore areas of cooperation with the Organization of the Islamic Conference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New U.S. Special Representative Announced for Muslim Outreach&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Washington — Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has appointed Farah Pandith to serve as special representative to Muslim communities, in charge of a new office that is responsible for outreach with Muslims around the world.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;According to a notice published by the State Department June 23, Special Representative Pandith and her staff will carry out Clinton’s efforts to “engage with Muslims around the world on a people-to-people and organizational level.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Organization of the Islamic Conference Urges Obama to Appoint US Envoy and Obama bows to OIC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(CNSNews.com) – Buoyed by the presence in the White House of a president who wants to prioritize relations with the world’s Muslims, the head of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) visited both Washington and Brussels this week, and urged the U.S. to quickly appoint an envoy to the Islamic bloc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OIC secretary-general Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu was in Washington on Tuesday when the State Department, in an internal memo, announced that it has selected a “special representative to Muslim communities.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The department chose not to announce the move publicly, but State Department spokesman Ian Kelly on Thursday acknowledged that Farah Pandith has been chosen for the position. Pandith, a Muslim of Kashmiri origin, served as “senior advisor for Muslim engagement to the assistant secretary for European and Eurasian affairs” in the Bush administration.&lt;br /&gt;hsanoglu told the Turkish Anadolu state news agency this week that he had told Clinton that the U.S. should immediately appoint a special envoy for its relations with the Islamic world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The two were scheduled to have met, but the event was cancelled because of Clinton’s recent elbow fracture and surgery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead they held a “comprehensive” telephone conversation and “exchanged views as to the ways and means of furthering the engagement between the OIC and the U.S. in the coming period,” the OIC said in a statement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From Washington, Ihsanoglu went to Brussels where he announced plans to open a representative office to the European Union, with a key function of combating “Islamophobia.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The OIC, a 57-member bloc of Muslim majority states that wields increasing clout at the United Nations, already has permanent missions in the U.N. cities of New York and Geneva, and “OIC groups” in Washington, Vienna and Paris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headquartered in the Saudi city of Jeddah, the OIC has existed for 40 years, but in recent times has become much more visible in the West, largely as a result of its controversial&lt;br /&gt;campaign against the “defamation” of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has steered more than a dozen resolutions on the subject through the U.N.  Opponents of the drive, including religious freedom and free speech advocates, see it as an attempt to shield Islam and Islamic practices from criticism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ihsanoglu, a Turk, told the Turkish newspaper Today’s Zaman that “fighting anti-Islam propaganda” will be among the main aims of the office in Brussels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paper noted that major incidents considered to be “Islamophobic” had occurred in Europe, citing the furor over Danish newspaper cartoons satirizing Mohammed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While in Brussels, Ihsanoglu met the E.U.’s external relations commissioner, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, and said they discussed Obama’s speech in Cairo. Ihsanoglu had been in the audience when the president spoke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Obama’s speech was historic and did not resemble any other speeches in the past,” he told the Anadolu agency on Wednesday. “There has never been a speech delivered to the Muslims that was so constructive and positive as Obama’s speech.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OIC secretary-general Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu speaks to Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saudi al-Faisal during the Islamic bloc’s third extraordinary conference in Mecca in December 2005. (Photo: OIC)&lt;br /&gt;‘The most democratic religion’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While in the U.S. this week, Ihsanoglu met with former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, a member of a “leadership group” driving the U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project and a strong backer of Obama’s outreach.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In April, Albright was quoted by the Voice of America as telling a meeting of OIC ambassadors that she had no doubt Islamic countries could be democracies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Actually, in my study of religions, in many ways Islam is maybe the most democratic religion because there is nobody between you and God. So I do not think that is something that can be used as reason not to have Muslim democracies.”&lt;br /&gt;Madeline Albright's impossibly stupid remark reflects an illogical, frightening dhimmitude at the "leadership level". How does one look at an Islamic country and make a statement like that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Where's Muslim outreach to the West -- where is the self criticism? It's all their way or the highway.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flemming Rose, courageous publisher of the Danish Cartoons, spoke out against the malevolent objectives of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Regular Atlas readers are very aware of the dastardly aims of the OIC and how they have managed to infect and infiltrate the EU, the UN, and now the White House.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An Islamist New World Order &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) member-states at the Durban II gathering in Geneva is pushing for "a new world order" that would expand and impose "nondemocratic and illiberal values on the West," says the Danish editor who in 2005 commissioned and published a series of cartoons, one of which depicted the prophet Muhammad with a bomb in his turban that led to worldwide Muslim rioting. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flemming Rose, editor of Jyllands-Posten, Denmark's largest-circulation newspaper, is visiting Israel under the auspices of the Hebrew University's Shasha Center for Strategic Studies, headed by former Mossad director Efraim Halevy. He's here to lecture on how nations need to find the right balance between religious sensitivities and freedom of expression. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rose says the OIC is trying to use Durban II to rewrite the rules of human rights and international law in a way that undermines the values of liberty enshrined in the Western canon - including the US Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's all part of an ongoing Muslim campaign that has been making significant strides, says Rose.&lt;br /&gt;Bat Yeor wrote of the OIC:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The OIC is one of the largest intergovernmental organizations in the world. It encompasses 56 Muslim states plus the Palestinian Authority. Spread over four continents, it claims to speak in the name of the ummah (the universal Muslim community), which numbers about 1.3 billion. The OIC’s mission is to unite all Muslims worldwide by rooting them in the Koran and the Sunnah — the core of traditional Islamic civilization and values. It aims at strengthening solidarity and cooperation among all its members, in order to protect the interests of Muslims everywhere and to galvanize the ummah into a unified body. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The OIC is a unique organization — one that has no equivalent in the world. It unites the religious, economic, military, and political strength of 56 states. By contrast, the European Union represents half as many states and is a secular body only, and the Vatican — which speaks for the world’s 1.1 billion Catholics — is devoid of any political power. Many Muslims in the West resist the OIC’s tutelage and oppose its efforts to supplant Western law with sharia. But the OIC’s resources are formidable. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The OIC regularly reiterates its commitments to protecting the political, historical, religious, and human rights of Muslims in non-OIC states, especially Muslims who form the majority in specific regions of non-Muslim countries — such as the southern Philippines, southern Thailand, and western Thrace in Greece — as well as Muslims in places like the Balkans, the Caucasus, Myanmar, India, and China. The OIC supports Hamas and the Palestinians in their struggle to destroy Israel, as well as the Muslim fight for “legitimate self-determination” in “Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir.” It has condemned the “continual Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan,” and it expresses its full solidarity with “the just cause of the Muslim Turkish people of Cyprus” and with Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al-Bashir, whom many hold responsible for encouraging the massacres in Darfur. The seat of the OIC is in Jeddah, but the organization regards that location as temporary: Its headquarters will be transferred to al-Kods (Islamized Jerusalem) when that city has been “liberated” from Israeli control. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In its efforts to defend the “true image” of Islam and combat its defamation, the organization has requested the UN and the Western countries to punish “Islamophobia” and blasphemy. Among the manifestations of Islamophobia, in the OIC’s view, are European opposition to illegal immigration, anti-terrorist measures, criticism of multiculturalism, and indeed any efforts to defend Western cultural and national identities. The OIC has massive funding from oil sources, which it lavishly spends on the Western media and academia and in countless “dialogues.” It influences Western policy, laws, and even textbooks through pressures brought by Muslim immigrants and by the Western nations’ own leftist parties. Hence, we have seen Kristallnacht-like incitements of hate and murder against European Jews and Israel conducted with impunity in the cities of Europe — where respect for human rights is supposed to be one of the highest values. &lt;br /&gt;More at Atlas on the Organization of the Islamic Conference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE OIC'S BLUEPRINT FOR GLOBAL DOMINATION TAKES HOLD OF AMERICA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posted by Pamela Geller on Saturday, June 27, 2009 at 01:28 AM in OIC: Oppression and Submission, President Hussein | Permalink&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-8615485675446920291?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/8615485675446920291/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/atlas-shrugs-bos-hos-main-obama-drafts.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8615485675446920291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8615485675446920291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/atlas-shrugs-bos-hos-main-obama-drafts.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-4621394364641555603</id><published>2009-07-05T06:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-05T06:30:44.379-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>DG Counter-terrorism Publishing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.daveg.us/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Featuring counter-terrorism research, articles, and education. I have one authorized internet site (www.daveg.us/this one). Supporters of Islamic terrorist groups have bought old domains, hacked, and are doing everything possible to smear my name and reputation. This is terrorism. They will not win.Dave G.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-4621394364641555603?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/4621394364641555603/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/dg-counter-terrorism-publishing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/4621394364641555603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/4621394364641555603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/07/dg-counter-terrorism-publishing.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-1385062111432800096</id><published>2009-04-02T15:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-02T15:59:52.213-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div class="hide"&gt;&lt;div style="background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 8px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 8px; border-bottom-width: thin; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?view=att&amp;amp;th=1206491cafc9bb63&amp;amp;attid=0.1&amp;amp;disp=attd&amp;amp;zw"&gt;Download the original attachment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 1ex; margin-right: 1ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; margin-left: 1ex; "&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;THE INTERNATIONAL FORECASTER&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold Italic;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 2009&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      040109 (1)_IF&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;P. O. Box 510518, Punta Gorda, FL 33951-&lt;u&gt;0518&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;An international financial, economic, political and social commentary.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Published and Edited by: Bob Chapman&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE: NEW E-MAIL ADDRESSES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;For correspondence to Bob: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:international_forecaster@yahoo.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;bob@intforecaster.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;For subscription and renewal: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:info@intforecaster.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;info@intforecaster.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.theinternationalforecaster.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;www.&lt;wbr&gt;theinternationalforecaster.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;1-YEAR $159.95 U.S. Funds&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;Note:  We publish twice a month by surface mail or twice a week by E-mail. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:bob@intforecaster.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;bob@intforecaster.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:info@intforecaster.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;info@intforecaster.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;RADIO APPEARANCES&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;To check out all of our radio appearances click on this link below:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.theinternationalforecaster.com/radio.php" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;theinternationalforecaster.&lt;wbr&gt;com/radio&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Discount Gold &amp;amp; Silver Trading Co.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Effective July 8, 2008 Financial Survival is expanding radio broadcasts with Bob Chapman as co-host on shortwave frequency 7.465 8pm eastern and 5pm pacific.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Regular broadcasts w/Bob will continue Mon., Wed., &amp;amp; Friday frequency 7.415 at 4pm eastern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;JOHN STADTMILLER&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Republic Broadcasting Network &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.republicbroadcasting.org/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;www.republicbroadcasting.org&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt; – every Tues. at 5:00-7:00 pm EST  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;GOLDSEEK RADIO&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Every Thursday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;PAT GORMAN&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Sunday March 22, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;JOHN BRYANT&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;– 7 p.m. EDT - network &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.firstamendmentradio.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;www.firstamendmentradio.com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Dr. STAN MONTEITH&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; - Every Monday 4 p.m. PST  &amp;amp;  March 23rd 8 pm PST –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.radioliberty.com/" target="_blank"&gt;www.radioliberty.com&lt;/a&gt;, or to our shortwave broadcasts on WHRI at 5.745 MH weekdays from 3-5 pm and 8-10 pm Pacific Time 5070 and 7465. Shortwave: Daily M-F 3:00 - 4:00 PM: PST 5.070 Mhz 4:00 - 5:00 PM: PST 7.465 Mhz 8:00 - 9:00 PM: PST 5.875 &amp;amp; 6.110 Mhz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;THE MERIA HELLER SHOW&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; –every 2nd Tuesday of the month –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;THE POWER HOUR&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;– &lt;a href="http://gcn.live.com/" target="_blank"&gt;GCN.live.com&lt;/a&gt; – Every Monday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;ALEX JONES&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; - &lt;a href="http://gcn.live.com/" target="_blank"&gt;GCN.live.com&lt;/a&gt; -Noon on shortwave 1st hour: WWCR 9.985 and 2nd &amp;amp; 3rd Hour:  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Every Friday – noon CST. WWCR 9975 - Here are some of the recent Alex Jones shows that Bob has appeared on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIQ1Qrv_AUE" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?&lt;wbr&gt;v=JIQ1Qrv_AUE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;SAM BUSHMAN&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; - LRT Radio &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.libertyroundtable.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.libertyroundtable.&lt;wbr&gt;com&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;– Every first and third Monday of the month 10 am to 11 am –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;BUTCH PAUGH&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Genesis Communication Network – March 23rd 9 pm, EST. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Tune in to our broadcast Monday-Friday at 9:00 PM Est. on your S.W. at 3.215.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Also on your computer on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gcnlive.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0950B0;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;www.gcnlive.com &lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;.  &lt;b&gt;LIVE FM STATIONS 9:00 PM EST.&lt;/b&gt;-88.3 FM ROTX Campbell, TX- 92.7 FM Lexingon TN-102.7 FM in Lutz, FL-89.7 FM Nettie, WV-89.7 FM North Branch, MN-91.9 FM Kerrville, TX-97.5 FM Dallas, TX-91.1 FM Austin, TX-97.5-91.1 FM Austin, TX-91.7 FM Fredericksburg, TX-91.7 FM Johnson City, TX-90.1 FM Round Rock, TX-90.1 FM Austin, TX-96.3 FM Austin, TX-95.7 FM Dallas, TX-93.3 FM Valparaiso, IN-90.7 &amp;amp; 88.5 FM Cosby, TN-90.9 FM Talladega, AL-88.3 FM Meadsville, PA-100.3 FM Kamia, ID-89.7 FM Presque Isle ME-97.7 FM Greenville, SC-107.1 FM Oklahoma City, OK-90.7 FM Gatlinburg, TN-102.7 FM Tampa, FL-KGGM 93.5 FM Delhi, LA &lt;b&gt;LIVE AM STATIONS 9:00 EST.&lt;/b&gt;-WIJD 1270 AM Mobile, AL, KIOU 1480 AM Shreveport, LA,WFAM 1050 AM Augusta, GA-WELP 1360 AM Greenville, SC-WCPC 940 AM Tupelo, MS-WROL 1340 Providence, RI-WITK 1550 AM in Scranton/Wilkesboro, PA-WNNY 1090 AM Pensacola, FL-KCKN AM 1020 Roswell, NM-WARL 1320 AM Attleboro, MA-1380 WLRM AM Chattanooga, TN-WYYC 1250 AM York, PA-WNVY 1070 AM Pensacola, FL-KGEZ 1600 AM Kalispell, MT  &lt;b&gt;REBROADCAST FM STATIONS-&lt;/b&gt; 91.9 FM Macon, GA 7:00 AM-91.9 FM Freedom radio Jones City, GA 8:00 AM Est. &lt;b&gt;REBROADCAST AM STATIONS&lt;/b&gt;-WASB 1590 AM Brockport, NY 5-6 PM Est.- WRSB 1310 AM Canandaigua, NY 5-6 PM Est.-WBCR 1470 AM in Alcoa, TN 7-8 AM Est.-WVOG 600 AM New Orleans, LA 5:00 PM Est.-WYEA 1290 AM Sylacauta, AL 7-8 PM Est.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;ALAN STANG&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: Alan is an old friend and we thought you might like to listen to your program. Monday, 7/14. RBN, M-F, 7-8 a.m., Central, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://republicbroadcasting.org/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://republicbroadcasting.&lt;wbr&gt;org&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;ERSKINE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: Thursday, - every 3rd Thursday – 2:00 pm CST &lt;a href="http://gcn.live.com/" target="_blank"&gt;GCN.live.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;KEVIN GALLAGHER&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Danbury, CT   April 3rd  8:30 pm EST-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hesYUFCe2_U" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?&lt;wbr&gt;v=hesYUFCe2_U&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;GNC-LIVE FREQUENCIES:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gcnlive.com/Schedule_Shortwave.html" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.gcnlive.com/&lt;wbr&gt;Schedule_Shortwave.html&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Dennis Hanbley&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – March 24, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Drew Raines&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: -  Every Thursday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;Those of you interested in the latest input concerning the world financial interest and what to do during these times of financial unrest .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;TODAY AND EVERY THRUSDAY we have for your pleasure Mr. Bob Chapman founder/editor of "The International Forecaster" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000C0;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.theinternationalforecaster.com/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;theinternationalforecaster.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;4pm-5pm Chicago time zone USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;listen live  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000C0;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.amd.elequity.com/" target="_blank"&gt;www.amd.elequity.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;"Clilck on "Current Show / Listen Live" this show is accessible as current show for 20 hours after production and on demand from the archive direct link and as "Archives &amp;amp; on Demand" any Thursday date is Mr. Bob Chapman's show.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;*** all shows are FREE to access &amp;amp; download ***&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;2nd Hour Colo Al and Drew discuss the perspective of News &amp;amp; Events around the world and the attacks on our Constitutional Rights to live in Liberty growing our Organic Foods and Herbs for our safety &amp;amp; our health also available on 11 international phone bridges around the world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;USA: 218.486.7200 bridge code 811226&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;John McGowan&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Every first Friday 9PM EST hosted with Kevin Gallagher – March 6, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Maureen Fisher&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;:  An Interview with Mike Mancini and Gregg Somerville at RBC Wealth Management - Sunday 11:00-12:00 Eastern time, you can listen live at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wdel.com/index.php" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0950B0;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.wdel.com/index.php&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;They put the archive up after show for six weeks at: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wdel.com/moneyguys.php" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0950B0;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.wdel.com/moneyguys.&lt;wbr&gt;php&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;JANET PHELAN&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; –Liberty News Radio - March 28th 9:10 pm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Bruce McDonald&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – March 31st: 6 pm. CST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lets Get Real With &lt;u&gt;Reuben Torres&lt;/u&gt; " is an open forum where topics on politics, immigration, health, education, and other global issues, that affect our country and the world at large, are discussed and debated at  local, national, and global levels. "Lets Get Real With Reuben Torres "airs every Tuesday  evening from  9:00 pm to  10:00  pm unless otherwise  noted&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Next appearance: April 14th - &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;                              &lt;wbr&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;*****&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;NEXT SCHEDULED ISSUES:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;            &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Every Wednesday and Saturday during the month of April 2009&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;US MARKETS&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;This week the G-20 meets. There will be several serious items on the agenda but the most important is the fate of the dollar as a world reserve currency. The US elitists needless to say want the dollar to retain its standing and the Europeans, Chinese, Iranians and Russians want a new international trading unit. Foreigners have lost respect, trust and confidence in the dollar and in American financial management. They are tired of taking losses and subsidizing the incredible American lifestyle. There is no consistency and the insiders are propping up the financial community, and not the economy. They disagree with zero interest rates and the wanton increase in money and credit displayed by the US and England.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Fed’s Ben Bernanke’s plan of throwing money at everything doesn’t work and the European Illuminists know that. Treasury Secretary little Timmy Geithner is viewed as an incompetent with a poor record. Thus, America is stuck with the monetizing twins Ben and Timmy. As we said in previous issues the first $300 billion for buying Treasuries will be followed by another $1 trillion and eventually $5 trillion or more. Inflation is going to go through the roof. It is no wonder foreigners are upset. They now know the longer they wait and hold dollars the more expensive it will be for them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;From here on out things are going to get a lot nastier. They are not going to be dictated to by the US anymore. They are tired of the blatant corruption and arrogance that passes for diplomacy. The US is entrapped by their own debt and they cannot extricate themselves. Most everyone wants a change. As a result of this warfare worldwide, people are going to lose assets, the exception are gold and silver, which will carry them through.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;During the remainder of the year the US dollar should continue to trend downward as we wrote five months ago. That will be in spite of another $200 billion of de-leveraging from Hedge Funds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;You have to keep in mind those foreigners own more than 50% of US debt securities worth almost $3 trillion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Free trade, globalization, offshoring and outsourcing will be a major subject as many nations begin to subsidize domestic industries and put tariffs on goods. The elitists do not want tariffs, but we believe they are inevitable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Chinese are big US debt holders, and they have warned the US to stop creating more excessive debt, because they believe it will lead to devaluation. China is making a request that the dollar be replaced as the world’s reserve currency at the G-20 meeting. The Chinese are bringing this up in spite of the fact that the US made a special deal with them, secretly, that their Treasury holdings are convertible into US factories, buildings, land and other tangible items via eminent domain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In another unilateral move China is in the process of replacing the dollar as a reserve currency in Asia, supplanting the yaun in its place. China is beginning to impose yuan hegemony over Asia. This is very problematic for the US and its economic, financial and political policies in the region. Our guess is if China doesn’t get what it wants out of the G-20 meeting it will start dumping Treasuries. That means more monetization by the Fed and more hyperinflation. Due to corporate greed and via plans for world government, the world financial scene has been turned upside down and as a result the dollar has become unreliable. If China successfully follows this course it could be Asia uses the yuan and the rest of the world the dollar or a basket of currencies. All in all we will have a better idea at the end of the week. If the dollar falters because a new currency unit is going to be introduced that should send gold and silver higher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Monetization of Treasury debt is as bad as it gets $300 billion is a considerable amount of money and as we said last issue we could easily exceed $5 trillion. This is an act of total desperation. There is no question the US is in serious trouble. Foreigners either do not have the dollars to invest or they won’t invest and the Fed is the only entity that can take on that volume of debt in today’s markets. It just shows again that the US government, along with Wall Street and banking is out of control. What they are doing is not going to work and they know it. No matter how much money they print all they are doing is addressing past debt, as a result the Fed is sacrificing the dollar. Yes, we know there will be $200 billion more in de-leveraging this year, but that won’t keep the dollar from falling. The British and the Swiss are also monetizing, a path others will follow, which will give gold and silver a field day. Prices in England are about to fly again and this month they should begin to rise in the US again. As this takes place wages are not increasing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;We now have government by bankers and Wall Street steeped in abject corruption. Bypassing Congress and the people, secretly issuing trillions of dollars in money and credit and we don’t, as far as they are concerned, have a need to know.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Just to give you an idea of the insider dealing, Bank of America is aggressively bidding for toxic debt in the open market knowing that our Treasury will pay more for the debt then BoA paid. Banks are front running the Treasury’s program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;It was quite shocking to the world when outgoing Czech PM Topolanek, charactered the US plan to combat the deepening depression as the road to hell.” At the same time in England the British member of the European Parliament Daniel Hannan said what England was doing was inflationary. As a result the dollar took a hit but did recover somewhat later in the week. There was the usual smoke and mirrors and propaganda that everyone was working together and that all would be well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Politicians worldwide are hearing from their constituents and we could well see an open revolt at the G-20 meeting. They expect up to 500,000 demonstrators.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Citizens worldwide are being robbed of their buying power as inflation like a thief in the night steals their money. The spending levels of the past of 72% of GDP are history. We are now at 70% and headed to 64.5%. Banks once encouraged borrowing, but not any more as they cut credit losses. We need savings and debt limitations along with purging and that is the opposite of what government, banking and Wall Street want. They want to delay the pain indefinitely and that only makes the problem worse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;It has been 20 months since the financial and economic underpinnings of America started to really come unglued. Yet we can’t get an honest answer out of anyone in Washington or New York. We were promised a new era of accountability, transparence and forthrightness and we’ve received nothing except you don’t have a need to know or it is a state secret. We cannot even find out how much money is left in the $700 billion financial-rescue program. If you back into the numbers you come up with about $53 billion, which means 92% has been committed. The Treasury has yet, even upon request, provided an official accounting. This past week our Treasury Secretary Tiny Tim twice officially refused to say what was left. When he spoke before the CFR, Council on Foreign Relations, he even refused to answer. The retort was very, very, reasonable amounts of money. He told CNBC the same thing. There is no honesty even among peers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;With that in mind, this same Treasury Secretary wants to give the Fed the power not only to seize all banks, but also private business, such as AIG and anything else within their sight.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The plan so far, if you can call it that, is seizure of companies by government; then these tasty morsels will be sold off at bargain basement prices to fellow Illuminists. The question is can these entities be sold off quickly enough, or before Congress cuts off the government’s funding?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Government, controlled from behind the scenes by JP Morgan Chase and Goldman Sachs, wants to seize anything it wants, hence Treasury’s new demand for new regulatory powers. It is a race against time before the derivative monster collapses and takes everything else with it, except gold and silver. Doesn’t anyone realize all this government, corporate and individual debt can never be repaid? It is a giant scam. Even the derivatives that were written were naked. There is nothing in the till; it is empty. These Illuminists want to nationalize everything in sight, like good fascists, and then sell all of it back to what is supposed to be private interests for a pittance. As for more money for little Timmy and his gang of crooks, it is a long shot. The American public knows what is going on and is furious and disgusted. Ask any Congressmen – or lady. Worse yet Congress and any citizen with half a brain knows the money is all gone and is never coming back. Wait until the public finds out that the government is on the hook (i.e. the taxpayer) for an additional $340 billion to AIG, they will go berserk, especially during a depression.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Coming full circle, fellow Illuminists in Europe and Asia feel betrayed by American elitist intrigues. This might be why both the US and UK are finding it hard to sell debt. It could be payback time. The ghost of Brittan Woods is coming back to haunt those who for so long have controlled our government. Then again it could be this all is but an act and an excuse to take the world economic and financial system down.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In spite of the uproar we do not see the G-20 making any changes just yet, and as a result the dollar will remain under massive pressure. Russia and China, among others, will press for a new system, which includes gold backing. It will come in time and it won’t be voluntary. The US Illuminists will fight it every step of the way.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Some very sophisticated people have gotten the impression from business people and investors that the US does not have enough political will to take on the banking crisis once and for all. In what could be called a purging of the system. It is not a case of political will; it is a case of planning for world government. We cite again the factor most all experts leave out and that is the Illuminati and the part it plays in all of the things that affect our lives, our economy, our financial being and our government. You cannot come to the proper conclusions unless everything is factored in and that is where the elitist’s plans come apart.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The most recent move toward world government began with the end of gold backing on the dollar on 8/15/71 and the introduction of free trade and globalization at about the same time. That is also when policy shifted to consumption and financial services. That is also when money and credit issuance began to be the method of making economy work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Thus, for 35 years Americans went on a consumption binge enjoying the best living standards in history. Over two years ago the system began to backfire. Global economic imbalances characterized by over consumption and over production emerged worldwide. Better yet, all those profits from exports from the second and third world were recycled to the US and Europe to fund ever more spending. When calamity struck in the summer of 2007 there was simply nowhere to hide. There has since then been very little selling of dollar denominated assets, particularly Treasuries and Agencies. That has now changed. We do not see dumping as yet, but we are seeing an absence of buying.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Now, the worst is yet to come, and it will stretch far into the future as loss of confidence and trust deepens, creditors and investors will begin dumping dollar-denominated assets. The bond market and banks are particularly vulnerable, because not only will we have a lending pull back, but weak bank balance sheets will be shot full of holes again. In addition real interest rates will be forced higher due to lack of lending, as well as a crowding out by the major presence of government in the debt market. We do not see massive dollar dumping, but we do see persistent selling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;These developments will make it very difficult for Treasury to fund its needs, which can only mean continual monetization. Inflation is going to become massive due to issuance and monetization.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The canard is being floated again this week by the internationally controlled media. That is the threat of gold sales. Like clockwork we see this every time the elitists want gold prices lower. The plan would be to sell 403 tons of gold. The last time this happened gold fell slightly and then after the sale, exploded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;What tougher rules on financial markets is about is centralized control of all markets - an international blueprint for a one-world financial control for all countries. It is about control, not tougher regulations. A few years down the line the elitists want a global financial regulator to relieve you of part of your sovereignty in financial matters.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Little Timmy Geithner informs us that some financial institutions will need further substantial government aid while warning against any attempt to tax investors who join a federal program to buy tainted assets from banks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Simon Property Group (SPG) has defaulted on their debt on Westbury Mall, which means no mall in the country is safe. SPG is the bluest of the blue chip mall REITs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;There is $3.5 trillion in commercial real estate outstanding and half could easily go under.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Again we warn you, if you have cash values in life and annuity products get out now and switch to gold and silver related assets. You will be sorry if you don’t.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Goldman Sachs is now a reporting bank because they are now a commercial bank and no longer an investment bank. Goldman has $30.2 trillion of derivatives with only $162.4 billion in assets. That is leverage of 186 to 1. JP Morgan Chase is leveraged 50 to 1, BofA 26 to 1. We call this totally outrageous.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In the third quarter commercial banks lost $3.4 billion in interest rate derivatives and they will probably lose a net $9 billion in the fourth quarter. These banks control $200.4 trillion in these derivatives. In fact, the top five banks control 96% of the total. This is a massive concentration of risk. We also expect some counterparties could fail to deliver causing major losses. Elsewhere in the issue we’ve listed exposure for the top banks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Bank credit as a result is limited and in some cases is non-existent. Many corporations are not borrowing at all. This is not good for an economy that is attempting to recover and even worse for the stock market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Just months before the start of last year's stock market collapse, the federal agency that insures the retirement funds of 44 million Americans departed from its conservative investment strategy and decided to put much of its $64 billion insurance fund into stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Switching from a heavy reliance on bonds, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation decided to pour billions of dollars into speculative investments such as stocks in emerging foreign markets, real estate, and private equity funds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The agency refused to say how much of the new investment strategy has been implemented or how the fund has fared during the downturn. The agency would only say that its fund was down 6.5 percent - and all of its stock-related investments were down 23 percent - as of last Sept. 30, the end of its fiscal year. But that was before most of the recent stock market decline and just before the investment switch was scheduled to begin in earnest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As you can see this was a political decision to try to keep the stock market from falling. Our guess is they have lost half their funds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The amount of Manhattan office space available for rent in the first quarter rose to 12 percent and rents fell as companies fired workers, FirstService Williams said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The share of empty space plus occupied offices available for lease climbed from 10.9 percent at the end of 2008, the property broker said in an e-mailed statement today. The average rent sought by landlords fell to $65.18 a square foot from $74.49 in the fourth quarter, the company said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=LNC%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Lincoln National Corp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, the insurer seeking $3 billion in U.S. capital, fell the most in four months after withdrawing its application for the government program to sell debt with a federal guarantee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Lincoln dropped $2.44, or 24 percent, to $7.93 at 9:32 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=LNC%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;trading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, leading the decliners in the KBW Insurance Index. The company had slid almost 45 percent this year before today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The insurer has cut jobs and slashed its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=LNC%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;dividend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; to preserve capital after the value of its investments dropped, and the U.S. Treasury has yet to rule on Philadelphia-based firm’s application to sell preferred shares to the Troubled Asset Relief Program. Lincoln said March 27 it didn’t meet qualifications for the Treasury’s Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program backing corporate debt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=LNC%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Liquidity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; needs at the holding company come at a time when Lincoln will likely face further pressure of subsidiary capital levels,” said &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Thomas+Gallagher&amp;amp;site=wnews&amp;amp;client=wnews&amp;amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;amp;filter=p&amp;amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;amp;sort=date:D:S:d1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Thomas Gallagher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, an analyst at Credit Suisse Group AG, in a note to investors. Gallagher today downgraded Lincoln to “neutral” from “outperform” based on the withdrawn application. “This tension is manageable at present, but could become more challenging if equity and credit markets weaken substantially.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Vacation and investment-home sales fell to 30% of all new-home transactions in 2008, the National Association of Realtors said Monday. In 2007, second homes accounted for 33% of all home sales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Boston’s John Hancock Tower, the tallest skyscraper in New England, may be sold to lenders led by Normandy Real Estate Partners for about half the $1.3 billion paid in 2006 by Broadway Partners, which defaulted on its loan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The building will go on the auction block tomorrow in New York under state rules that govern mezzanine loan foreclosures. Mezzanine loans are intended to fill the gap between a first mortgage and the borrower’s cash down payment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;While mezzanine lenders seeking to foreclose must hold an auction of ownership interests, they start out ahead of other bidders because they are credited the unpaid balance of their loan as part of their bid. Normandy controls about $472 million of loans on the Hancock Tower, according to people familiar with the financing, who asked to remain anonymous.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;By the time the process gets to a public auction, the most likely winner will be the senior-most foreclosing mezzanine lender, said David Furman, a real estate partner at law firm Gibson Dunn &amp;amp; Crutcher. It is allowed to credit bid the amount of its loan; therefore, it can usually outbid everyone else.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  Barron’s venerable Alan Abelson cites Merrill’s David Rosenberg, “…the official keepers of the books have been unusually aggressive in constructing seasonal adjustments for February's economic data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;        To illustrate, the seasonal adjustment for new-home sales was the strongest since 1982; for durable- goods orders, the strongest since they were first released in 1992; the retail-sales figures for February were flat (or, as David says, flattering) after such adjustment, but unadjusted fell 3%, the biggest drop on record. He also notes dryly that the 40,000 raw non-seasonally adjusted housing-start total for February "all of a sudden becomes a headline-adjusted annual rate figure of 583,000."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;     Which makes David think that come the inevitably sharp downward revisions of such distorted data, first-quarter real GDP is likely to suffer a 7.2% drop.  Which, together with the 6.3% skid in the fourth quarter of 2008, would be the worst back-to-back contraction in the economy in 50 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  Starting at any time from 1980 up to 2008, an investor in 20-year treasuries, rolling them over every year,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;beats the S&amp;amp;P 500 through January 2009!  Even worse, going back 40 years to 1969, the 20-year bond investors still win, although by a marginal amount. And that is with a very bad bond market in the '70s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;         Let's go back to the really long run. Starting in 1802, we find that stocks have beat bonds by about 2.5%, which, compounding over two centuries, is a huge differential. But there were some periods just like the recent past where stocks did in fact not beat bonds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;         Look at the following chart. It shows the cumulative relative performance of stocks over bonds for the last 207 years.  What it shows is that early in the 19th century there was a period of 68 years where bonds outperformed stocks, another similar 20-year period corresponding with the Great Depression, and then the recent episode of 1968-2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.frontlinethoughts.com/gateway.asp?ref=reprint" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.frontlinethoughts.&lt;wbr&gt;com/gateway.asp?ref=reprint&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; Prieur du Plessis of Investment Post Cards cites Congressman Ron Paul: “People will start to abandon the dollar as current and past economic policies create a steep rise in interest rates.  If you are in Treasuries, you will need to be watchful and nimble to time your escape…The current stimulus measures are making things a lot worse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;        “The US government just won’t allow the correction the economy needs.’ He cites the mini-depression of 1921, which lasted just a year largely because insolvent companies were allowed to fail. ‘No one remembers that one. They’ll remember this one, because it will last 15 years.’”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.investmentpostcards.com/2009/03/29/words-from-the-investment-wise-for-the-week-that-was-march-23-%E2%80%93-29-2009/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;investmentpostcards.com/2009/&lt;wbr&gt;03/29/words-from-the-&lt;wbr&gt;investment-wise-for-the-week-&lt;wbr&gt;that-was-march-23-%E2%80%93-&lt;wbr&gt;29-2009/&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; The Obama administration used the threat of withholding more bailout money to force out General Motors Corp. Chief Executive Rick Wagoner, marking one of the most dramatic government interventions in private industry since the economic crisis began last year…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;         The move also indicates that the Treasury Department intends to wade more deeply than most observers expected into the affairs of the country's largest and oldest car company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; If you can believe this:  US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said Sunday that 135 billion dollars remained from a 700 billion dollar fund approved by Congress to shore up the financial sector reeling from crisis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; Geithner, on ABC News’ “This Week”, also said, “Some banks are going to need some large amounts of assistance.”  Much more money and time is needed to sanitize toxic assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  AIG crisis could be tip of an insurance iceberg; &lt;i&gt;The company's situation reflects problems throughout the life insurance industry as investments suffer. Further strain could bring about a second financial crisis.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-aig30-2009mar30,0,1747696.story" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;http://www.latimes.com/news/&lt;wbr&gt;nationworld/nation/la-na-&lt;wbr&gt;aig30-2009mar30,0,1747696.&lt;wbr&gt;story&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  The problem in the US since 1973, except during the reign of Reagan &amp;amp; Volcker, is declining US real wages and living standards.  US socialistic spending &amp;amp; programs, with the Fed papering over the unaffordable spending, accelerated lower living standards, fomented bubbles, concentrated wealth &amp;amp; income and created unserviceable debt for both the private and public sectors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  The US cannot recover until either real wages increase or necessity of life costs, including housing, fall to an equilibrium with US income.  For the sake of simplicity, we won’t address the debt issue here.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;   Bailouts to date do nothing to increase US jobs or productivity but perversely encumber future income and will likely reduce US living standards via inflation and lower productivity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; Project for a New American Century is now called, the Foreign Policy Initiative, in the hope we would all forget they were wrong about everything and lied to us every step of the way.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Neocons are back. The same Republicans who sold the country on the war in Iraq have formed a new group called the Foreign Policy Initiative. Is this group going to catch on? Rachel Maddow is joined by thinkprogress. org’s Matt Duss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The ''neocons'' , the authors of the worse foreign policy blunders in at least a generation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;One of the people named this week to President Obama's new Task Force on Tax Reform is a member of the AIG board of directors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Martin Feldstein, a professor of economics at Harvard University, has been on the board of American International Group since 1988. He also was a prominent economic adviser to Presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Asked about the AIG connection, a senior administration official said Friday that the White House declined to comment on the story.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Like the others named to the tax reform task force, Feldstein also serves on Obama's Economic Recovery Advisory Board, which is headed by former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://finance.boston.com/boston?Page=QUOTE&amp;amp;Ticker=C" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Citigroup Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://finance.boston.com/boston?Page=QUOTE&amp;amp;Ticker=WB" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Wachovia Corp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, the bank purchased by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://finance.boston.com/boston?Page=QUOTE&amp;amp;Ticker=WFC" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Wells Fargo &amp;amp; Co.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, reached an agreement with California regulators under which their brokerage units will return $4.7 billion to buyers of auction-rate securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Wachovia agreed to repurchase $1.5 billion of the debt, while Citigroup agreed to repurchase $3.2 billion of auction-rate obligations it sold to customers in California, said Preston DuFauchard, Corporations commissioner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;About 20 banks and securities firms have agreed to repurchase more than $50 billion in debt to settle claims they improperly marketed the investments as safe, cash-like investments. Banks managing frequent auctions of the securities abandoned the $330 billion market in February 2008, leaving thousands of investors stuck.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The World Bank and OECD warned surging unemployment may inflict another blow on the global economy as they cut their economic outlooks for emerging and rich nations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oecd.org/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Organization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; for Economic Cooperation and Development said in Paris that the economy of its 30 members will contract 4.3 percent this year and predicted unemployment in the Group of Seven will reach 36 million late next year. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldbank.org/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;World Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; lowered its growth forecast for developing countries this year by more than half to 2.1 percent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Sun-Times Media Group Inc., which publishes newspapers in the Chicago area, filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=RIV%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Riviera Holdings Corp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, the casino operator, missed a $4 million interest payment and said it may be forced to seek bankruptcy protection as Las Vegas endures the worst gambling slump on record.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=F%3AUS" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Ford Motor Co.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, adjusting incentives as the U.S. recession deepens, said it will cover payments for as long as 12 months on new vehicles for buyers who lose their jobs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The program will also offer no-interest financing through Ford Motor Credit Co., the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker said today in a statement. The offers start today and run through June 1, covering Ford, Lincoln and Mercury autos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As we predicted, the new military strategy announced by President Barack Obama in Afghanistan marks a major escalation of the war in Afghanistan and the official transformation of Pakistan into a theater of US military action.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Prepared behind the backs of the American people and with contempt for anti-war opinion expressed in the presidential election, Obama's plan calls for replicating in Afghanistan Bush's military "surge" in Iraq and launching military strikes at will in Pakistan. It confirms that Obama's candidacy was not a move towards peace, but the expression of a struggle inside the American ruling elite over the strategic priorities of US imperialism. Obama served as the front man for those who believed the Pentagon had focused too much attention on Iraq and that the main target of military violence should be Central Asia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Obama is preparing a bloody pacification campaign in Pakistan and Afghanistan, aiming to exterminate those sections of their populations that interfere with US control of the area. There will be a heavy price paid by the American people as well, in thousands of military casualties, the squandering of hundreds of billions of dollars, and an increased risk of terrorist attacks on Americans, as Washington reinforces the widely held perception that it is waging war on the Islamic world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://i.abcnews.com/Politics/Business/story?id=7206475&amp;amp;page=1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Rick Wagoner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; will leave his post as CEO of bailed-out General Motors with a $20 million retirement package, the company's financial filings show.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Although the Treasury Department has barred GM from paying severance to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://i.abcnews.com/Business/wireStory?id=7206103" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Wagoner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; or any other senior executive, Wagoner is eligible to collect millions in retirement benefits from his former employer, according to the documents reviewed by ABC News.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;A former AIG executive could be brought up on federal fraud charges for his role in precipitating the global economic crisis, according to published reports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;FBI investigators and federal prosecutors are eyeing Joseph Cassano, 54, whose shady investments cost the insurance giant hundreds of billions of dollars, according to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nypost.com/topics/topic.php?t=ABC" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;ABC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; News.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Cassano, who grew up in Brooklyn and now lives in London, earned upwards of $300 million running the company's now-infamous Financial Products division. That department insured what have since become more than a trillion dollars in virtually worthless bank loans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;"He almost single-handedly is responsible for bringing AIG down, and by reference the economy of this country," said Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) told ABC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Prosecutors are still trying to determine if Cassano's actions are criminal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;   President Obama has ordained that you, the US taxpayer, will guarantee GM warranties.  The old Soviet Union didn’t go this far, did it?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;  The WSJ lists the commissars that decided the fate of GM and will dictate policy henceforth.   Steven Rattner, a former investment banker who is heading the administration's auto restructuring; chief economic adviser Lawrence Summers; and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner were among those gathered around the polished wood table of the Roosevelt Room in the White House's West Wing. They were there to decide under what conditions the government would continue to prop up once-powerful Detroit car companies GM and Chrysler LLC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          White House economic adviser Mr. Summers led a conference call at 8:30 p.m. Sunday with lawmakers who had expressed strong interest in the auto bailout.  At one point during the call, Mr. Summers told lawmakers the administration was pushing for the Fiat-Chrysler deal to include "building an energy-efficient vehicle in this country," Sen. Bob Corker said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          Sen. Corker, a Republican from Tennessee, said he told Mr. Rattner on Monday that he was alarmed that the administration would dictate what kind of vehicles would be constructed. "Deciding what vehicles and plants will survive is setting industrial policy," the senator said…  [Be afraid; be very afraid.]  This sounds like Joe Stalin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;     Responding to their plea for $21.6 billion more in taxpayer cash, President Obama yesterday declared "the end of that road" for GM and Chrysler. In the next&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;breath, he seemed to put Washington and Detroit on a new road of politicized industrial policy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;           Sacking a CEO for appearance sake was the easy part. Good luck trying to get the unions to make concessions on wages and legacy costs, and bondholders to agree to reduce the debt burden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          Bankruptcy or not, the larger problem here is Washington's industrial policy. Even if Chrysler merges and GM restructures, Mr. Obama wants the companies to make the kind of cars the political class favors, whether or not consumers want to buy them. "The United States of America will lead the world in building the next generation of clean cars," the President said yesterday. He didn't mention a goal of profitability. To that end, Treasury tapped Fiat's know-how in small vehicles for Chrysler and wants GM to move in this direction…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;           In other words, Mr. Obama's industrial policy vision runs directly counter to a strategy that would get the companies back to profitability as soon as possible. To help them sell those unwanted cars, Mr. Obama yesterday was already pledging that taxpayers will cover new-car warranties. And he urged Congress to pass a new "incentive program" (read: subsidy) for "cleaner car" purchases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;    AIG Was Responsible For The Banks' January &amp;amp; February Profitability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;During Jan/Feb AIG would call up and just ask for complete unwind prices from the credit desk in the relevant jurisdiction…The size of these unwinds were enormous, the quotes I have heard were "we have never done as big or as profitable trades - ever".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;   Allowing for significant reserve release and trade PnL, I think for the big correlation players this could have easily been US$1-2bn per bank in this period."…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;           AIG, knowing it would need to ask for much more capital from the Treasury imminently, decided to throw in the towel, and gifted major bank counter-parties with trades which were egregiously profitable to the banks, and even more egregiously money losing to the U.S. taxpayers, who had to dump more and more cash into AIG, without having the U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner disclose the real extent of this, for lack of a better word, fraudulent scam…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          What this all means is that the statements by major banks, i.e. JPM, Citi, and BofA, regarding abnormal profitability in January and February were true, however these profits were a) one-time in nature due to wholesale unwinds of AIG portfolios, b) entirely at the expense of AIG, and thus taxpayers, c) executed with Tim Geithner's (and thus the administration's) full knowledge and intent, d) were basically a transfer of money from taxpayers to banks (in yet another form) using AIG as an intermediary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          For banks to proclaim their profitability in January and February is about as close to criminal hypocrisy as is possible. And again, the taxpayers fund this "one time profit", which causes a market rally, thus allowing the banks to promptly turn around and start selling more expensive equity (soon coming to a prospectus near you), also funded by taxpayers' money flows into the market. If the administration is truly aware of all these events (and if Zero Hedge knows about it, it is safe to say Tim Geithner also got the memo), then the potential fallout would be staggering once this information makes the light of day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;     Because everyone knows that AIG is essentially dead but on taxpayer life support, solons might have surreptitiously funneled billions of dollars into banks via AIG.  The theory is that AIG was told to take massive hits on toxic paper so certain contra-party banks could generate earnings.  More taxpayer money then flowed into AIG.  Qui bono?  Who has the largest derivative book?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;     The Atlantic’s Simon Johnson that highlights many of the themes that we have espoused: The crash has laid bare many unpleasant truths about the United States. One of the most alarming, says a former chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, is that the finance industry has effectively captured our government…If the IMF’s staff could speak freely about the U.S., it would tell us what it tells all countries in this situation: recovery will fail unless we break the financial oligarchy that is blocking essential reform. And if we are to prevent a true depression, we’re running out of time…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          Almost always, countries in crisis need to learn to live within their means after a period of excess— exports must be increased, and imports cut—and the goal is to do this without the most horrible of recessions… the real concern of the fund’s senior staff, and the biggest obstacle to recovery, is almost invariably the politics of countries in crisis…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          Over borrowing always ends badly, whether for an individual, a company, or a country…elite business interests—financiers, in the case of the U.S.—played a central role in creating the crisis, making ever- larger gambles, with the implicit backing of the government, until the inevitable collapse. More alarming, they are now using their influence to prevent precisely the sorts of reforms that are needed…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          At the root of the banks’ problems are the large losses they have undoubtedly taken on their securities and loan portfolios. But they don’t want to recognize the full extent of their losses, because that would likely expose them as insolvent. So they talk down the problem, and ask for handouts that aren’t enough to make them healthy (again, they can’t reveal the size of the handouts that would be necessary for that), but are enough to keep them upright a little longer….&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          To break this cycle, the government must force the banks to acknowledge the scale of their problems. As the IMF understands (and as the U.S. government itself has insisted to multiple emerging-market countries in the past), the most direct way to do this is nationalization…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;          The conventional wisdom among the elite is still that the current slump “cannot be as bad as the Great Depression.” This view is wrong. What we face now could, in fact, be worse than the Great Depression, because the world is now so much more interconnected and because the banking sector is now so big. We face a synchronized downturn in almost all countries, a weakening of confidence among individuals and firms, and major problems for government finances. If our leadership wakes up to the potential consequences, we may yet see dramatic action on the banking system and a breaking of the old elite. Let us hope it is not then too late.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Business activity in the Chicago area deteriorated in March to the lowest level in about 29 years, the Institute for Supply Management-Chicago reported Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Chicago Business Barometer, formerly known as the Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, fell to 31.4 in March from 34.2 in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The March index was the lowest reading since July 1980. It also was below the consensus estimate of economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires, which forecast a March barometer reading of 34.1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The data "provided evidence of an economy that continued to deteriorate, sliding further into recession at a slightly faster rate," ISM-Chicago said in a news release.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Investors were watching the March data for confirmation that the headline index hit a "provisional low point" for the end of the recession when it dropped to a 27-year low of 33.3 in January.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;However, the data "failed the test," ISM-Chicago said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;If the March figure is, indeed, the bottom, the recession would conclude in December of this year, based on the nine-month lag from the 1981-82 recession, according to ISM-Chicago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Chicago area job market remains grim, with the employment component of the index posting the lowest two consecutive monthly readings since such figures were tracked beginning in 1946. The employment index stood at 28.1 in March, down from 25.2 in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The prices-paid index accelerated downward at a "marginally faster rate," dropping to 34.1 in March, from 37.8 in February, ISM-Chicago said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Conference Board reported Tuesday that its March consumer confidence index remained relatively unchanged in March, at a reading of 26.0, after hitting an all-time low in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;February's reading was 25.3, which was revised up slightly from the originally reported 25.0.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires had expected the March index would come in at 27.7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The present situation index for March fell to 21.5 from February's upwardly revised 22.3, while the expectations index increased to 28.9, from the prior month's 27.3. It was originally reported at 27.5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;"The present situation index suggests that the overall state of the economy remains weak and that more job losses are on the horizon," said Lynn Franco, who leads the private research group's Consumer Research Center.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Apprehension about the outlook for the economy, the labor market and earnings "continues to weigh heavily on consumers' attitudes," Franco said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Looking ahead, consumers remain "extremely pessimistic" about the short-term future and do not foresee a turnaround in economic conditions over the coming six months, she said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In the report, consumers calling business conditions "bad" rose to 51.1% of the survey from 50.5% in February, while those calling conditions "good" edged down to 6.8%, from 7% the month before.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Conference Board also found concerns about hiring have increased, with those calling jobs "hard to get" moving up to 48.7% of respondents, from 46.9% in February. Those who deemed jobs as "plentiful" was unchanged at 4.6%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Conference Board's findings are based on a representative sample of 5,000 households. The cut off for responses was March 24.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Home prices continued their multiyear slide in January, according to the S&amp;amp;P/Case-Shiller home-price indexes, as 14 of 20 major metropolitan areas posted price declines of more than 10% from a year earlier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Sun Belt continues to be hit hardest, and nationally, home prices are at levels similar to late 2003.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;"Most of the nation appears to remain on a downward path, with all of the 20 metro areas reporting annual declines, and nine...falling more than 20% in the last year," said David M. Blitzer, chairman of S&amp;amp;P's index committee. Both composite indexes and 13 of the 20 metropolitan areas reported record year-over-year declines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As of January, the 10-city index is down 30% from its mid-2006 peak and the 20-city is down 29%. The two indexes have fallen every month since August 2006, 30 straight.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The indexes showed prices in 10 major metropolitan areas fell 19.4% in January from a year earlier and 2.5% from December. The drop marks the 10-city index's 16th-straight monthly report of a record decline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In 20 major metropolitan areas, home prices dropped 19% from the prior year, also a record, and 2.8% from December.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Again, none of the regions could stave off a decline from December to January. Month-to-month decliners were again led by Phoenix, which posted a drop of 5.5%. Las Vegas, which has been a close second behind Phoenix for months, showed a "marginal improvement" in monthly returns, although its results were still negative.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;For the 10th straight month, no region was able to avoid a year-over-year decline. Phoenix and Las Vegas were again the worst performers, with drops of 35% and 33%, respectively, from a year earlier. San Francisco again followed, with a decline of 32%. Phoenix is down 49% from its peak in June 2006. Dallas has been the least hurt, down 11% from its peak in June 2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Compared with a year earlier, Dallas and Denver again had the best relative performance, with annual declines of 4.9% and 5.1%, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The data come a week after a government report that sales of previously occupied homes jumped 5.1% in February, the most in five years, driven by foreclosure sales that are sending prices plunging. The median price was down 16% from a year earlier, the second-biggest drop ever.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Redbook: US Retail Sales +0.2% First 4 Wks March Vs February,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The International Council of Shopping Centers and Goldman Sachs Retail Chain Store Sales Index increased 1.1% in the week to March 28 from its level a week before, on a seasonally-adjusted, comparable store basis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;On a year-on-year basis, retailers saw sales decline by 0.2% in the latest week.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;New York City business activity contracted in March, but not as rapidly as in February, a report released Tuesday said. And an overwhelming proportion of respondents expect more federal government stimulus this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The National Association of Purchasing Management-New York's Current Business Conditions index rose to 43.1 in March from 29.6 in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In addition, the Six-Month Outlook index jumped to 64.8 in March from 31.8 in February. We do not believe these statistics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;A closely followed measure of Chicago-area manufacturing and commercial activity unexpectedly fell in March to its lowest reading since 1980, an industry trade group reported Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Economists had expected the activity index compiled by the Institute for Supply Management -- Chicago to inch upward to 34.5 from February's extremely weak 34.2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Instead, the index often referred to as the Chicago PMI tumbled to 31.4, its worst performance since July of 1980, when&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/politics/government/national-government/united-states-ORGOV0000001.topic" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;the U.S.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; was locked in a wrenching and protracted recession.  This Chicago report is much closer to the mark.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The U.S. recession is wreaking havoc on yet another front: the Social Security trust fund.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;With unemployment rising, the payroll tax revenue that finances Social Security benefits for nearly 51 million retirees and other recipients is falling, according to a report from the Congressional Budget Office. As a result, the trust fund's annual surplus is forecast to all but vanish next year -- nearly a decade ahead of schedule -- and deprive the government of billions of dollars it had been counting on to help balance the nation's books.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;While the new numbers will not affect payments to current Social Security recipients, experts say, the disappearing surplus could have considerable implications for the government's already grim financial situation.   More lies.  -- Just as we predicted unfortunately. Get ready for a cut in SS payout of 50-63% over the next five years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Treasury Department has for decades borrowed money from the Social Security trust fund to finance government operations. If it is no longer able to do so, it could be forced to borrow an additional $700 billion over the next decade from China, Japan and other investors. And at some point, perhaps as early as 2017, according to the CBO, the Treasury would have to start repaying the billions it has borrowed from the trust fund over the past 25 years, driving the nation further into debt or forcing Congress to raise taxes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The new forecast is fueling calls for reform of the Social Security system from conservative analysts, who say it underscores the financial fragility of a system that provides a primary source of income for millions of Americans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As IBM was firing thousands of American workers last week, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office published Big Blue's application to copyright a computerized system that calculates how to offshore jobs while maximizing government tax breaks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Update: IBM &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090330/BIZ/90330042/-1/BIZ2102" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;withdraws its application&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, calling it an error.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In their application to patent a "method and system for strategic global resource sourcing," five Hudson Valley IBMers describe how it weighs such plans as "50 percent of resources in China by 2010," against such factors as labor costs, infrastructure and the "minimum head count to qualify for incentives."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The five Westchester County inventors, Ching-hua Chen-ritzo, Daniel Patrick Connors, Markus Ettl, Mayank Sharma, and Karthik Sourirajan, submitted the application to the patent office in September 2007, but it took a year and a half for that patent to be published online.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;None could be reached by telephone Sunday except Ching-hua Chen-ritzo of Mahopac, who declined to comment, and attempts to reach IBM were unsuccessful.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Lee Conrad, national coordinator for Alliance@IBM, a group trying to unionize Big Blue, was stunned to learn of the application.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;"This is obviously outrageous — a patent on how to offshore U.S. jobs," Conrad said. "IBM is obviously doing all it can to decimate the U.S. work force, and it is all the more reason why IBM should not get any tax breaks or stimulus money. They clearly are abandoning the U.S. work force."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The application says the system weighs moving into or out of a particular country against criteria such as wages, political systems, "incentive contracts" and the economic impact of "violating and/or satisfying those incentives."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In January, IBM reported that about 115,000, or 29 percent, of its global work force of about 400,000, is in the United States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Treasury said yesterday that it would extend its emergency program guaranteeing money market funds through Sept. 18 from the previous deadline of this month.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;All funds that currently participate in the program are eligible to continue, the department said. The program, scheduled to end April 30, will be continued "to support ongoing stability in financial markets," it said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Companies in the U.S. cut an estimated 742,000 workers in March, pointing to no relief in sight for the labor market amid the longest &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://wwwdev.nber.org/cycles/cyclesmain.html" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;recession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; in seven decades, a private report based on payroll data showed today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The drop in the ADP Employer Services gauge was larger than economists forecast and the most since records began in 2001. February’s reading was revised to show cut of 706,000 workers, up from a previous estimate of 697,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Companies are slashing staff as tight credit conditions and shrinking household wealth cause sales to shrink. The Labor Department may report in two days that employers cut payrolls in March for a 15th consecutive month, putting jobs losses in the current downturn at more than 5 million, according to a Bloomberg survey.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Mortgage applications in the U.S. rose for a fourth consecutive week as a decline in borrowing costs prompted more refinancing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Mortgage Bankers Association’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=MBAVBASC%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; of applications to purchase a home or refinance a loan rose 3 percent to 1,194.4 in the week ended March 27 from 1,159.4 the prior week. The group’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=MBAVREFI%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;refinancing gauge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; gained 3.7 percent, following a 41 percent gain the prior week, and its &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=MBAVPRCH%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;purchase index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; rose 0.1 percent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Government plans to step up purchases of mortgage-backed securities sent borrowing costs toward historic lows last week, prompting homeowners to refinance their mortgages to cut their payments. Still, rising unemployment and slumping consumer confidence signal the housing recession may last all year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“Mortgage rates are coming down and refinancings are going to spring back,” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Chris+Rupkey&amp;amp;site=wnews&amp;amp;client=wnews&amp;amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;amp;filter=p&amp;amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;amp;sort=date:D:S:d1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Chris Rupkey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, chief financial economist at Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. in New York, said before the report. Still, “you have to be confident in your job and income prospects to buy a home and confidence is sorely lacking.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The refinancing gauge climbed to 6,600.1 last week from 6,363.2, today’s report showed. The mortgage bankers’ purchase index increased to 268 last week from 267.8 the previous week, today’s report showed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=MBAVREFM%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; of applicants seeking to refinance loans rose to 80.4 percent of total applications from 78.5 percent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The average rate on a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=MB30%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;30-year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; fixed-rate loan fell to 4.61 percent, the lowest level since the mortgage bankers group began records in 1990, from 4.63 percent the prior week.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;3M Co. says it's cutting its worldwide work force by another 1,200 jobs, or 1.5 percent, because of the global economic slump.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;U.S. oil demand in January fell 989,000 barrels a day, or 4.9%, from a year earlier to 19.125 million barrels a day - the lowest level in the most since 2000, revised government figures released Wednesday show.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Data from the Energy Information Administration was revised down by 2.2%, or 440,000 barrels a day, from earlier estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;January marks the 18th straight month of year-on-year declines in oil demand in the world's largest oil consumer. That's the longest skid since a 37-month stretch ended in April 1982, as prices soared and demand fell after the Iranian Revolution. In the past 18 months, year-on-year demand has dropped 959,000 barrels a day, hit hard first by record high prices last summer of near $150 a barrel and then by the growing global recession.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;US construction spending fell a fifth month in a row during February, but the drop was much smaller than expected, with surprising resilience in the commercial and public sectors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Total spending decreased by 0.9% at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $967.52 billion compared to the prior month, the Commerce Department said Wednesday. Spending fell 3.5% in January; originally, January spending was seen 3.3% lower.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Residential construction spending plunged in February, Wednesday's report said, dropping by 4.1% to $282.6 billion. Residential spending decreased 3.5% in January; it was originally seen 2.8% lower for the month. Year over year, residential spending was 29.2% below the February 2008 level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Wednesday's Commerce data said construction spending in the private sector during February decreased by 1.6% to $665.9 billion. Spending fell 4.0% in January.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Public-sector construction spending increased 0.8% to $301.7 billion. January outlays fell 2.4%. Federal government construction outlays rose 0.8%, as, surprisingly, did state and local spending, which is much larger than federal spending, in dollars. Tax revenues to governments are flowing less freely amid the recession. Corporate profits after taxes tumbled 28% in October through December from the third quarter, a Commerce Department report issued last week said. And because their assets - homes and stock market accounts - have eroded, people possess less value for governments to tax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The National Association of Realtors' index for pending sales of previously owned homes jumped 2.1% to 82.1 from 80.4 in January, the industry group said Wednesday, adding that the data hint at a possible pickup of sales activity in coming months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;US March 27 MBA Mortgage Applications rise a 3% vs 32.2%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;John C. Yoo, a former Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the United States, was arrested on Tuesday in Milan, Italy, and is being held for possible extradition to Spain, where he and five other retired officials who served under former President George W. Bush are expected to be indicted by a Spanish court for violations of the Geneva Conventions, the Convention Against Torture, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Yoo, 41, is a visiting professor of Law at the Chapman University School of Law in Orange County, California, on leave from the University of California Berkeley School of Law. He served in the Office of Legal Counsel in the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003. Yoo authored memos permitting the use of torture. Torture is banned by both U.S. law and international conventions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Milan prosecutor Andrea Spolini released a statement indicating that Yoo can be held for up to 90 days awaiting an indictment in Spain under the international standard of "Rompi Testiculo."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Justice Department is dropping all charges against former Sen. Ted Stevens, the 85-year-old Alaska Republican convicted of lying on Senate financial disclosure forms to conceal hundreds of thousands of dollars in gifts and home renovations from a businessman, Atty. Gen. Eric Holder said today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Obama also is prepared to let Chrysler LLC go bankrupt and be sold off piecemeal if the third- largest U.S. automaker can’t form an alliance with Fiat SpA, said members of Congress who were briefed on the GM and Chrysler situation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;A possible bankruptcy plan being discussed for General Motors includes quickly forming a new company of the automaker's most profitable parts, while a group of other units would remain under bankruptcy protection for a longer period, a source familiar with the plans told Reuters on Tuesday.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Now, in a little-noticed move, the House Financial Services Committee, led by chairman Barney Frank, has approved a measure that would, in some key ways, go beyond the most draconian features of the original AIG bill. The new legislation, the "Pay for Performance Act of 2009," would impose government controls on the pay of all employees -- not just top executives -- of companies that have received a capital investment from the U.S. government. It would, like the tax measure, be retroactive, changing the terms of compensation agreements already in place. And it would give Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner extraordinary power to determine the pay of thousands of employees of American companies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The U.S. government and the Federal Reserve have spent, lent or guaranteed $12.8 trillion, an amount that approaches the value of everything produced in the country last year, to stem the longest recession since the 1930s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;        The money works out to $42,105 for every man, woman and child in the U.S. and 14 times the $89 billion of currency in circulation. The nation’s gross domestic product was $14.2 trillion in 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In a foreclosure auction today, the John Hancock Tower - a marquee building in Boston - traded at $660MM to Normandy Real Estate Partners.  That same property was appraised for $1.3BN in 2006 and traded for $935MM in 2003.  This is VERY negative for commercial real estate….&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;         That combination produces a weighted average financing cost of almost 11%.  A 5.6% mortgage at 11% yield is about a 70 $px, which means the value of assuming the existing financing on the Hancock Tower is close to $190MM.  The real clearing level for the top commercial property in Boston was only $470MM - down 65% from 2006 levels and down 50% from 2003 levels…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;       The main takeaway: property values are down A LOT more than people think, especially when considering the implied value of financing.    Our biggest fear is that the ‘real’ financial crisis might be ahead of us.  To date, the financial crisis has been a solvency issue due to toxic paper.  But if bond markets collapse globally, a far more pernicious crisis will appear.  And it will be far more difficult to navigate and remedy than anything that has occurred to date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Another Obama nominee admits to not paying taxes.  The Washington Post: Sebelius admits errors, pays $7,000 in back taxes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The political elites are eager to spend taxpayer money but are cavalier in adhering to the tax code.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;A lawyer involved with legal action against Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) told a House Judiciary subcommittee on March 19 The New York Times had killed a story in October that would have shown a close link between ACORN, Project Vote and the Obama campaign because it would have been a “a game changer.” &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;COMMODITIES&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;PPI reports crude inventories up 3.28 m/b, gas off 451,000 and distillates up 1.78 m/b.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Early Monday was surprisingly weak on all fronts. The Dow was off 162 at 7600; S&amp;amp;P fell 163; Nasdaq was off 160 and the FTSE 136 Dow points. The Nikkei was off 391 to 8236. The yen rose .0090 to $.9694; the euro fell .0096 to $1.3193 and the pound fell .0125 to $1.4196. The 2-year T-bill rose to 0.88% and the 10’s were 2.70%. Oil fell $1.44 to $50.94; gas fell $0.02 to $1.479 and natural gas $0.01 to $3.73. Gold fell $10.20 to $913.00; silver fell $0.025 to $13.01 and copper fell $0.06 to $1.77.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As we expected on Monday gold was soft with the spot market off $7.30 at $915.30 as silver fell $0.27 to $13.02. Tuesday should be slightly lower as well in the runup to the G-20 meeting. The insiders have been successful in containing gold and silver for now but they will be higher again soon. Today the second fixing in London came in at $928 or $13.00 higher than the close.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The dollar was strong early and got even stronger mid-day. Toward the end of the day it gave up half of its gains. The yen rose .0102 to $.9705; the euro fell .0142 to $1.3160; the pound fell .0108 to $1.4193; the Swiss franc fell .0060 to $1.1499; the Canadian dollar fell .0172 to $.7911 and the dollar index rose .52 to 85.66.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Gold open interest fell 630 contracts to 371,200, as silver OI rose 300 to 93,150. The XAU fell 2.19 to 133.95 and the HUI fell 5.61 to 319.79. Most first and second tier issues were off fractions telling us again that gold is not going much lower. The China Daily has called for China to purchase more gold.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;GM’s Wagoner has been ousted by our President and ordered GM and Chrysler to overhaul their recovery plans. This can only happen in a corporatist fascist state.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Chrysler has to merge with Fiat within 30 days.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;This past Saturday Barron’s said, “the numbers flowing out of Washington seem as dubious as ever, and so are the inferences being extracted from them by more than a smattering of investment strategist, money managers and, it pains us to say even journalists.” The sited deception via seasonal adjustment. These lies have cost American corporations billions of dollars of losses. We have it covered elsewhere. The point is we have been correct for over ten years and citing these official lies. It is unfortunate Barron’s and others took ten years to catch up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The big Tocom gold shorts cut their net position by 3,191 contracts to 13,367 and they cut their silver shorts by 12 to 77.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Dow broke down technically today falling 254 to 7522; S&amp;amp;P fell 256 and Nasdaq fell 260 Dow points. The 2-year T-bill fell 6 bps to 0.85% and the 10’s fell 5 bps to 2.71%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Oil fell $3.83 to $48.55; gas fell $0.11 to $1.39 and natural gas rose $0.05 to $3.79. Copper fell $.06 to $1.77; platinum fell $15.40 to $1,112 and palladium fell $6.65 to $217.05. The CRB fell 7.09 to 215.17.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Early Tuesday was the opposite of Monday. The Dow rose 65 to 7545; S&amp;amp;P rose 64; Nasdaq 74 and the FTSE rose 161 Dow points. The Nikkei rose 127; the CAC rose 45 and the DAX gained 55. The yen was off .0106; the euro was up .0130 and the pound rose .0066. The 2-year was 0.85% and the ten’s 2.73%. The 1-month Libor 0.50% and the 3-month was 1.19%. Oil rose $1.48, gas rose $0.02 and natural gas rose $0.07. Gold rose $2.20 to $917.70, silver rose $0.08 to $13.11 and copper rose $0.06 to $1.83.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;SPDR Gold Shares, [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=gld" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;GLD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;], the largest gold ETF, added another 12.84 tonnes of allocated gold bars to its gold holdings over the past week to show 1,127.44 tonnes of gold bars held for its investors by a custodian in London. As of the Friday 3/27 close the metal held by the trust was worth $33.5 billion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Barclay’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ishares.com/product_info/fund/overview/IAU.htm" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;iShares COMEX Gold Trust&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=iau" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;IAU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;] gold holdings added a small 0.92 tonnes to 67.78 tonnes of gold held for its investors. Gold holdings for the U.K. equivalent to GLD, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.goldbullionsecurities.com/sites/?country=uk" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Gold Bullion Securities, Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; added a large 4.14 tonnes over the past week, to show 137.16 tonnes of gold held as of Friday.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;All of the gold ETFs sponsored by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exchangetradedgold.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;World Gold Council&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; (WGC) showed a collective increase of 16.98 tonnes to their gold holdings to 1,306.43 tonnes worth $33.8 billion USD as of the Friday 3/27 cash market close.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;According to the World Gold Council, GLD’s metal holdings now rank sixth in global gold holdings having just gone past Switzerland’s 1,040 tonnes of gold reserves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Well, consider that $40 billion is less than 20% of the current market cap of Wal-Mart, a company many people own shares of through direct and mutual fund investments, but just one of thousands of publicly traded companies. For another example, it would take about 10 or 11 times the amount of net asset value currently held by all five of the WGC ETFs in order to buy one very large, widely-owned, oil and gas company, Exxon-Mobil. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The combined NAV of all the WGC ETFs is big all right. But compared to companies that truly are widely-owned and perhaps over-owned it sure seems like the gold ETFs have a long way to go before they become “crowded.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;For now gold and silver ETFs are interesting, quickly evolving barometers, gauging whether there is more buying or selling pressure for the metals. For quite some time now there has been consistently more buying pressure than selling pressure for gold ETFs as evidenced by the amount of metal which has been added to them. And, the really quite rapid pace of metals holding ascension recently probably reflects a shift in investor thinking toward gold as an important part of a well-diversified portfolio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Small wonder considering that gold has held up better than just about all the other portfolio denizens over the past year.    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As of this past week, the amount of silver being held by the SLV custodian actually exceeded the amount of silver foreseen in the current custodian agreement, yet the sponsor of SLV, Barclays, has yet to announce any additional storage capacity to the existing agreement or a new custodian. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The details are in previous Got Gold Reports, but briefly, SLV reported holding 266,752,671.5 ounces of silver as of March 27. The current custodian agreement was for up to 264,550,265 ounces. So SLV now holds 2,202,405.5 ounces, or about 68.5 tonnes more silver than the current custodian agreement covered.     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Tuesday saw a strong spot gold price up $7.90 at $923.20, although the April contract rose only $3.20. Spot silver fell $0.05 to $12.97, as April traded $0.03 lower. The shares were slightly higher with the XAU up .52 to 134.43 and the HUI up 4.94 to 324.73. Gold open interest rose 905 contracts to 372,104, as silver OI fell 232 contracts to 92,922. The big Tocom shorts cut 2,478 contracts to be net short 15,845 contracts. Their net silver short position rose by 62 to 139 contracts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The yen fell .0209 to $.9906; the euro rose .0120 to $1.3280; the pound rose .0152 to $1.4345; the Swiss franc rose .0084 to $1.1389; the Canadian dollar rose .0026 to $.7937 and the US dollar index fell .40 to 85.47.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Oil rose $0.56 to $48.97; gas rose $0.01 to $1.40 and natural gas rose $0.04 to $3.79. Copper rose $0.08 to $1.84; platinum rose $8.60 to $1,122 and palladium fell $0.35 to $216.95. The CRB rose 5.23 to 220.40.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Dow was up 180 just 10 minutes before the close and finished up 87 at 7609; S&amp;amp;P rose 93 and Nasdaq rose 161 Dow points. The 2-year T-bills were 0.80%; the 10’s were 2.68%; the 1-month Libor was 0.50% and the 3-month was 1.19%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Early Wednesday was mixed to unchanged. The Dow fell 37 to 7523; S&amp;amp;P fell 36; Nasdaq fell 56 and the FTSE fell 1 Dow point. The Nikkei was up 243; the CAC was off 3 and the DAX fell 1. The yen rose .0029; the euro rose .0012 and the pound rose .0060. The 2-year was .82%; the 10’s 2.68%; 1-month Libor 0.50% and the 3-month 2.68%. Oil fell $1.19; gas fell $0.03 and natural gas fell $0.04. Gold rose $3.30 to $928.30; silver rose $0.03 to $13.01 and copper fell $0.03 to $1.82.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;EUROPE&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Hungary, the first European Union nation to seek an international bailout, had its foreign-debt rating cut by Standard and Poor’s as the economy endures its worst recession in 16 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The rating was lowered one level to BBB-, the lowest investment grade, according to a statement from S&amp;amp;P today. It has a negative outlook, meaning the grade is more likely to be lowered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;East Europe’s debt-laden economies have been battered by the global financial crisis, which curbed demand for their exports and shut off credit and investment. Hungary’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=HUGPTOTL%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;gross domestic product&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; will shrink 3.5 percent this year, the central bank says. The country lined up 20 billion euros ($26.3 billion) in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://imf.org/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;International Monetary Fund&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;-led loans to avert a default.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a name="0.1__Hlt100019063"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=EUESEMU%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;European confidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; fell to the lowest on record in March as the Group of 20 nations prepared to discuss this week how best to fight the deepening global recession, which has prompted job cuts across the continent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;An index of executive and consumer sentiment in the euro area declined to 64.6, the lowest since the index began in 1985, from 65.3 in February, the European Commission in Brussels said today. Gauges for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=EUICEMU%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, services and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=EUCCEMU%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;consumer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; sentiment all reached record lows. A separate report showed that Spanish consumer prices fell from a year earlier for the first time ever, indicating deflationary pressure that may spread.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Belgium's annual inflation rate fell to 0.62% in March from 1.93% in February, the country's economics ministry said Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Spain this month became the first euro-zone economy to post an annual decline in consumer prices during the severe economic downturn, data showed Monday.  &lt;br /&gt; Spain's European Union-harmonized index of consumer prices fell 0.1% on the year in March after a 0.7% rise in February, preliminary data from the National Statistics Institute, or INE, showed. The decline in Spanish prices is the first since records began in 1961.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Hungary's average unemployment rate for the three months between December 2008 and February 2009 jumped as the sharp shrinking of the country's export markets hit the corporate sector, data showed Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The three-month moving average jobless rate was 9.1% in December-February, up from 8.0% in the same period a year earlier and also higher than the 11-year record of 8.4% in November 2008 and January 2009, the Central Statistics Office, or KSH, said Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Hungarian unemployment has been higher than that of the European Union recently. The E.U.'s unemployment rate for the registered unemployed was 8.0% in January and 8.3% for the E.U.-15, while Hungary's was 9.0%, the KSH said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;U.S. and European Union unemployment will reach 10 percent this year as the global economic slump causes the economies of the 30-member Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to contract, Secretary General Angel Gurria said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;This is unprecedented; we have not seen this in many decades, Gurria said in a television interview in Rome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The OECD will release its latest forecasts on March 31 and will predict a contraction of 4.2 percent to 4.3 percent for the world’s most industrialized countries, Gurria said. That compares with its previous forecast in November for a 0.3 percent contraction. The deepening global recession means that countries need to do more to lift their economies out of the economic slump he said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The UK and US fear deflation; Germany fears Weimar.  Due to East Germany, Angela Merkel knows that socialism doesn’t work and it destroys the fabric and work ethic of a nation…Haben zie bunds?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Europe’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=ECCPEST%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;inflation rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; dropped more than economists expected to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=ECCPEMUY%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;lowest on record&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; in March as the economic slump intensified across the region, adding to concerns that deflationary pressures are emerging.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Inflation in the euro area slowed to 0.6 percent from 1.2 percent in February, the European Union statistics office in Luxembourg said today. The March rate is the lowest since the data were first compiled in 1996 and below the 0.7 percent forecast by economists, according to the median of 35 estimates in a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=ECCPEST%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Bloomberg News survey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Germany and Russia are heading to this week's meeting of the Group of 20 leading industrial and developing nations in London with similar expectations on the required actions to overcome the crisis, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Both leaders called for a modernization of the architecture of international financial markets, after a meeting in the Chancellery in Berlin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Medvedev said he favors the creation of a modern foreign currency architecture which should also include the reserve currencies and that the G20 meeting should lay the foundation for future work. Merkel added that after the meeting in London, the work isn't done and that she wants a "fulfillment meeting" afterwards, at which the agreements and their implementation are examined.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The world is in a dramatic crisis, Germany's Merkel said, adding that protectionist trends can still be observed. The G20 meeting in London should therefore take a clear stand against protectionism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Latvia could hit the worst point of its economic crisis in the third quarter of this year, with output shrinking 14.9% on the year, the economy ministry said Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In a report to the government of the stricken Baltic state, the ministry upheld its forecast of a 12% fall in output this year compared with 2008. Some analysts, however, have warned that it could shrink by 15%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The fall in Spanish retail sales picked up speed in February, pointing to a deepening contraction in household consumption.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;According to data Tuesday from Spain's National Statistics Institute, or INE, Spanish February retail sales fell by 9.1% in calendar-adjusted terms, the INE said, after falling by 5.4% in January and by 6.1% in December.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;"The Spanish consumer slump shows no signs of ending," said Ben May from Capital Economics in a note to investors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Irish private-sector credit growth slowed again in February, falling to 4.8% from 6.0% in January and 6.6% in December, as mortgage growth continued to decline and term/revolving loans also fell significantly, the Central Bank of Ireland said Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Private-sector credit fell by EUR95 million in February. A net increase of EUR58 million in residential mortgages in February was far more subdued than the increase of EUR350 million recorded in January, the bank said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The annual rate of increase in credit-card debt declined to 3.3% in February compared with 8.2% a year earlier. Outstanding indebtedness on credit cards has generally been declining since October, with the exception of December, and fell by EUR51 million in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Italian retail sales rose unexpectedly in January, lifted by non-food sales in large stores, national statistics office Istat said Tuesday. An Istat official said it was possible the rise was due to an increase in the number of discount sales in the month of January.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Retail sales rose an unadjusted 0.7% on the year, rebounding after having fallen for three consecutive months. Istat also said Tuesday it has revised down its December retail sales figure to a fall of 2.1% on the year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The data were above expectations. Economists polled by Dow Jones Newswires had expected January retail sales to show a 2.2% drop on the year and a 0.2% drop on the month.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;On the month, overall retail sales rose 0.3% in January, compared with a downwardly revised 0.3% drop in December.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;On the year, non-food sales in large shops rose 4.5%, led by rising sales of electronic items and household goods, which rose 2.1% and 2.4%, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Consumer prices slowed down to a record low year on year increase of 0.6% in March, down from a 1.2% year on year increase in February, according to the Flash estimate released by Eurostat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Dutch state debt by the end of 2008 rose to 58.2% of gross domestic product, the Dutch bureau for statistics, or CBS, said in a first estimate released Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;State debt rose to EUR346.2 billion in 2008, from EUR258.8 billion the year prior, CBS said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The significant increase was caused by the government's efforts to strengthen the financial sector, CBS said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Sweden's economy will contract much more than previously expected this year and the country's central bank will lower its key interest rate to nearly zero, a prominent Swedish think tank said Tuesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Swedish National Institute of Economic Research, or NIER, said in its latest economic outlook that Sweden's gross domestic product is likely to fall 3.9% this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Swedish consumer confidence index worsened to -16.5 in March from -14.6 in February, data from the Swedish National Institute of Economic Research showed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Economists had expected the rate to improve slightly this month to a -13.8 reading, according to a consensus from a Dow Jones Newswires poll of four economists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Spanish housing prices fell at an 5.4% annual rate in the fourth quarter, the INE said, compared with an 3% annual rate in the third quarter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Fourth-quarter housing prices fell 3.1% from the quarter earlier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Spanish February retail sales fell by 9.1% in calendar-adjusted terms, the INE said, after falling by 5.4% in January and by 6.1% in December.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Germany ILO Unemployment Rate up to 7.4% in Feb from 7.3%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Switzerland UBS Consumption Indicator decreases to 0.89 in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Germany's unemployment rate increased to 8.6 percent in March as the global economic crisis tightened its grip on Europe's biggest economy, government figures showed Tuesday. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The unadjusted jobless rate rose from 8.5 percent in February, the Federal Labor Agency said. A total of 3.586 million people were out of work, an increase of 34,000 compared with the previous month.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As everyone heads toward zero interest rates, Britain, the US, the Japanese, Swiss and Israelis are printing money and credit as fast as possible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;In England the BofE is looking at credit contraction and it is only increasing M3 by 5.9%. If the ECB doesn’t act quickly deflation could get quickly underway. Germany is looking at a million workers losing their jobs by fall as the German contraction reaches 7%. Next year unemployment will be 5 million. It doesn’t look good.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As we write on Tuesday, Geithner says new financial regulation is a done deal, and France’s President Sarkozy says if it is not done he will leave the meeting. This shows you how important these regulations are for the Illuminati in the lead up to a world currency and world government.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As China and the US spend furiously on stimulus, the US some 6% of GDP, France and Germany are spending only 26 billion euros and fifty bullion euros respectively. The US wants more stimulus spending from Europe and that will be discussed at the G-20 meeting, although we believe it will not be successful. If you can believe it Europeans are calling this crass Keynesianism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Europeans, from our viewpoint, do not seem to realize the depth to which this depression is going. If everyone had purged their economies 21 months ago the depression would have been over and the wreckage moved aside. None of the politicians would do that and hence the long drawn out depression we see ahead.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Due to Europe‘s socialist base, they have higher normal unemployment than the US, and long term unemployment benefits, that are higher so there is a built in cushion. An elaborate safety net is in place that does not exist in the US.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Europe sees inflation as the problem – the US sees deflation as the problem. Germany in particular sees debt as something to avoid as the US embraces it. What Europe is really saying is the US caused their problem so let them stimulate; we’ll do a little and that is it. Europe is a drag on the US concept of recovery. Who is right – only time will tell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;color:#FFFFFF;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=DAI%3AGY" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Daimler AG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, the second-largest maker of luxury cars, aims to reduce labor costs by 2 billion euros ($2.7 billion) by trimming hours and wages for 73,000 non- production workers in Germany and by delaying a pay increase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Workers in administration, sales, and research and development will be asked to work 30 rather than 35 hours a week and accept 14 percent lower wages, the Stuttgart, Germany-based automaker’s personnel chief, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Guenther+Fleig&amp;amp;site=wnews&amp;amp;client=wnews&amp;amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;amp;filter=p&amp;amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;amp;sort=date:D:S:d1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Guenther Fleig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, said today at a news conference. The measures would reduce annual labor costs to 10 billion euros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Daimler, also the world’s largest truckmaker, plans to delay a 2.1 percent wage increase for union workers from May to December and aims to reduce Christmas and vacation bonuses, Fleig said. A 1,900-euro profit-sharing bonus will be kept for possible payment later, in order to conserve cash, he said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;European &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=UMRTEMU%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;unemployment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; increased more than economists expected in February to the highest in almost three years as the recession forced companies across the continent to cut output.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=UMRTEMU%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;jobless rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; in the euro zone rose to 8.5 percent from a revised 8.3 percent in January, the European Union’s statistics office in Luxembourg said today. The February reading is the highest since May 2006 and exceeded the 8.3 percent rate economists forecast, according to the median of 23 estimates in a Bloomberg News survey. The January figure was revised higher from 8.2 percent reported on Feb. 27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;New orders for Germany's plant and machinery industry plunged 49% on the year in February, industry group VDMA said Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Domestic orders slipped 45%, while foreign orders were down 50% in February against the same month of 2008, VDMA said in a statement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;German Manufacturing PMI flat at 32.4 in March.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Switzerland SVME PMI remains at 32.6 in March.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;German retail sales declined unexpectedly in February, signaling that household demand in Europe's largest economy remains depressed, preliminary data from the Federal Statistics Office showed Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Retail sales fell 0.2% on the month in February from January, according to figures adjusted for calendar and seasonal effects, the statistics office said. In February 2009 there were 24 shopping days compared with 25 in February 2008.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;ENGLAND&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Mortgage approvals rose to their highest level in nine months in February in the first significant sign of improvement in the housing market, even as net consumer credit sank to a record low, data from the Bank of England released Monday showed.  &lt;br /&gt; The BOE survey showed that mortgage approvals, which are a good leading indicator of housing market activity, rose to 38,000 in February from 32,000 in January. That marks the highest level since May 2008, beating expectations they would rise to 34,000 and marking a significant rise from November's 27,000 series low.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Overall mortgage lending growth accelerated to GBP1.5 billion in February from GBP1.1 billion in January and beat expectations of GBP1.0 billion growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Britain may have to go to the IMF for a huge financial bailout, the influential investor George Soros warns today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The man who made $1 billion on Black Wednesday in 1992 told &lt;i&gt;The Times &lt;/i&gt;that Britain was particularly vulnerable to the economic crisis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Mr. Soros – speaking days after an auction of government bonds failed for the first time in 14 years, ringing alarm bells about Britain’s ability to fund its growing debts – said that Gordon Brown might have to go begging for billions of pounds in international aid. He also warned that next week’s G20 summit in London was the last chance to avert a full-scale depression that could prove worse than that in the 1930s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“You have a problem that the banking system is bigger than the economy . . . so for Britain to absorb it alone would really pile up the debt,” he said. Asked about the chances of Britain having to seek help from the International Monetary Fund, he said that if the banking system continued to collapse, it was “a possibility”. At this stage, he added, it was “not a likelihood”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;He was not optimistic about the G20 meeting, saying the odds were that it would fail because there were so many differences of opinion. The price could be years of economic devastation worse than the Great Depression. “It is really a make-or-break occasion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Have voted themselves a whopping yearly pay rise of £1,468 - as the rest of the country fights to save their jobs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;As most of the UK suffers pay freezes - or even reductions - due to the dismal economic situation, MPs will see their salary jump 2.33 per cent from April 1, it emerged today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The Westminster rise brings their parliamentary pay - before allowances - up from £63,291 to around £64,766.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;News of the extra money set to pour into MPs' pockets came as the row over expenses reached boiling point today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Humiliated Home Secretary Jacqui Smith was facing demands to resign after her husband admitted paying to watch adult films using her taxpayer-funded expenses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;UK consumer confidence increased to the highest level since May after the Bank of England cut interest rates to a record low, GfK NOP said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The market researcher’s index of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=UKCCI%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;consumer confidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; rose five points to minus 30 in March, the company said in a statement in London. The survey of 2,003 people was conducted between March 6 and March 15.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;OECD: UK Economy To Contract 3.7% In 2009, -0.2% In 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The UK sold 3.5 billion pounds ($5 billion) of six-year notes, receiving 2.23 times as many bids as securities offered, the Debt Management Office said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;UK households repaid GBP8.0 billion in mortgage loans during the final three months of 2008, the Bank of England said Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;It marks the third straight quarter in which U.K. homeowners cut their mortgage borrowing, but is a sharp step up from GBP5.9 billion in the third quarter and GBP1.8 billion in the second quarter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;It was the largest net pay down of mortgage loans in a quarter since the series began in 1970.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Manufacturing PMI rises to 39.1 in March from 34.7.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;LATIN AMERICA&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Approval for the government of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has declined 10 percentage points under the influence of a bleak economic outlook, according to a poll released by the Sensus opinion research institute Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The poll showed approval for the government dropped to 62.4% in March from 72.5% in a previous poll held in January. The figure was the lowest seen since April 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The poll Monday also showed slippage in the personal popularity of President Lula, which fell to 76.2% from an all-time high of 84% in January. According to data in Monday's poll, the decline in the government's approval rating came alongside growing concerns over unemployment and declining incomes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The latest survey showed that 54.5% of respondents had detected a worsening of unemployment, compared with 38.5% in the previous poll. Similarly, 32.6% had detected a decline in incomes compared with 23.2% in the previous poll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Brazil's General Price Index, known as the IGP-M, dropped 0.74% in March, compared with an increase of 0.26% in February, the private Getulio Vargas Foundation said Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The latest figure was below analysts' expectations, which ranged from a decrease between 0.48% and 0.23%. The March IGP-M figure measured prices between Feb. 21 and March 20.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The rolling IGP-M inflation rate for the 12 months through March 20 was 6.27%.  &lt;br /&gt; Wholesale prices, which carry a 60% weighting in the overall index, were down 1.24% in March, compared with a rise of 0.20% in February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Construction costs fell 0.17% in the period, reversing an increase of 0.35% in the previous period. Construction costs are weighted at 10% of the overall index.  &lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, consumer prices, which account for 30% of the overall index, picked up 0.43% in March, compared with a rise of 0.40% in the previous month.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;MEXICO&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Economic activity in Mexico fell more than expected in January on a surprisingly big decline in services, coupled with a slump in industrial output.  &lt;br /&gt;The National Statistics Institute said its IGAE indicator, which measures most of gross domestic product, fell 9.5% from January 2008 and was down 3.99% seasonally adjusted from December.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The year-on-year drop was bigger than the 5.5% median estimate in a Dow Jones Newswires survey of 13 economists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; Industrial production in January fell 11.1%, led by a drop in auto industry output, while services were down 9.1% from a year ago, and agricultural production rose 2.1%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The surprise was the sharp drop in services, with commerce, real estate, cargo transport, credit, insurance and restaurants all down from January 2008.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The sharp economic deceleration so far this year as both external and domestic demand falter has led several economists to lower their estimates for full-year economic performance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;This week, Citigroup (C) unit Banamex cut its forecast for 2009 GDP to a drop of 3.5% from its previous estimate of a 2.4% decline.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;JAPAN&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Auto Production -56.2% On Year In February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;OECD Expects Japan 2009 GDP At -6.6% Vs -0.1% November Forecast.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;` Exports of cars, trucks and buses tumbled 63.9% in February from the year-earlier month, falling for the fifth straight month, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association said Monday. Vehicle exports totaled 212,107 vehicles in the month, down from 587,825 vehicles in the same month last year, the association said in a press release.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Industrial output fell 9.4% in February from the previous month as the global slump further sapped demand for Japanese cars, electronics and other products both overseas and at home, preliminary government data released Monday showed.  &lt;br /&gt;The world's second largest economy is stumbling as output from its industrial sector, robust just a year ago, dwindles for the fifth straight month after falling a record 10.2% in January, according to a Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry official.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The fall in this key barometer of Japan's export-driven economy exceeds the 9.0% slide expected by economists surveyed by Dow Jones and The Nikkei, and illustrates the challenges facing companies such as Sony and the many smaller manufacturers that supply them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Taken with February's 49% on-year decline in exports, a record steep fall, the industrial production figure may raise pressure on the government of unpopular Prime Minister Taro Aso to expand the fresh fiscal stimulus package it is now preparing to counter the effects of the worsening recession.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Japan’s recession deepened as the unemployment rate surged to a three-year high, wages fell and job openings plunged at the fastest pace in three decades.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=JNUE%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;jobless rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; rose to 4.4 percent last month from 4.1 percent in January, the statistics bureau said today in Tokyo. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=JBTARATE%3AIND" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;ratio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt; of jobs available to each applicant tumbled to 0.59 from 0.67, the biggest drop since 1974, the Labor Ministry said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Domestic sales of new cars, trucks and buses dropped 31.5% on year in March, declining for an eighth straight month, an industry body said Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Japan’s Tankan index of manufacturing confidence declined to a record -58 for March.  Analysts are concerned that Japan’s huge excess of labor, capacity and inventory augurs for a worsening economy. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Australian new home sales rose for a second consecutive month in February, according to the latest survey by the Housing Industry Association.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Total new home sales increased by 3.9% in February 2009, HIA said in a statement. Detached home sales increased by 4.7% in the month and were up by 8% over the three months to February.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;The total number of Australian houses and apartments approved for construction rose a seasonally adjusted 7.8% in February from January, the Australian Bureau of Statistics said Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Australian Feb Adjusted Retail Sales Down 2.0%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;An index of job vacancies for skilled workers in Australia fell by 10.8% in March from February, and was 57.9% lower from a year ago, the Department of Employment said Wednesday.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;                              &lt;wbr&gt;      &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;*****&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;NEXT SCHEDULED ISSUES:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;            &lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Every Wednesday and Saturday during the month of April 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-1385062111432800096?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/1385062111432800096/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/04/download-original-attachment.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/1385062111432800096'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/1385062111432800096'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/04/download-original-attachment.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-8060523452799883032</id><published>2009-03-23T18:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T18:45:01.550-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;color:red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; color: red; font-family: Arial; "&gt;A LITTLE GUN HISTORY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;In 1929, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Soviet Union&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control. From 1929 to 1953, about 20 million dissidents, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;In 1911, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Turkey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control.. From 1915 to 1917, 1.5 million Armenians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Germany&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control in 1938 and from 1939 to 1945, a total of 13 million Jews and others who were unable to defend themselves were rounded up and exterminated. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;China&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control in 1935. From 1948 to 1952, 20 million political dissidents, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Guatemala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control in 1964. From 1964 to 1981, 100,000 Mayan Indians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and ex terminated. &lt;br /&gt;    ---- ------------- ------------- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Uganda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control in 1970. From 1971 to 1979, 300,000 Christians, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Cambodia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; established gun control in 1956. From 1975 to 1977, one million educated people, unable to defend themselves, were rounded up and exterminated. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;--- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Defenseless people rounded up and exterminated in the 20th Century because of gun control: 56 million. &lt;br /&gt;    --------------------------&lt;wbr&gt;---- &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;It has now been 12 months since gun owners in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Australia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; were forced by new law to surrender 640,381 personal firearms to be destroyed by their own Government, a program costing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Australia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; taxpayers more than $500 million dollars. The first year results are now in: &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;color:red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; color: red; font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;List of 7 items: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Australia-wide, homicides are up 3.2 percent. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Australia-wide, assaults are up 8.6 percent.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Australia-wide, armed robberies are up 44 percent (yes, 44 percent)! &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;In the state of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;Victoria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; alone, homicides with firearms are now up 300 percent. Note that while the law-abiding citizens turned them in, the criminals did not, and criminals still possess their guns! &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;While figures over the previous 25 years showed a steady decrease in armed robbery with firearms, this has changed drastically upward in the past 12 months, since criminals now are guaranteed that their prey is unarmed. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;There has also been a dramatic increase in break-ins and assaults of the ELDERLY. Australian politicians are at a loss to explain how public safety has decreased, after such monumental effort, and expense was expended in successfully ridding Australian society of guns. The Australian experience and the other historical facts above prove it. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;You won't see this data on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; evening news, or hear politicians disseminating this information. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Guns in the hands of honest citizens save lives and property and, yes, gun-control laws adversely affect only the law-abiding citizens. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="color:red;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: red; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take note my fellow Americans, before it's too late! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;The next time someone talks in favor of gun control, please remind them of this history lesson. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;With guns, we are 'citizens'.  Without them, we are 'subjects'. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;During WWII the Japanese decided not to invade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;America&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; because they knew most Americans were ARMED! &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;If you value your freedom, please spread this anti-gun control message to all of your friends.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;The purpose of fighting is to win. There is no possible victory in defense. The sword is more important than the shield, and skill is more important than either. The final weapon is the brain. All else is supplemental. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;SWITZERLAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt; ISSUES EVERY HOUSEHOLD A GUN! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;SWITZERLAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;'S GOVERNMENT TRAINS EVERY ADULT THEY ISSUE A RIFLE.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;SWITZERLAND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;HAS THE LOWEST GUN RELATED CRIME RATE OF ANY CIVILIZED COUNTRY IN THE WORLD!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Arial; "&gt;IT'S A NO BRAINER! DON'T LET OUR GOVERNMENT WASTE MILLIONS OF OUR TAX DOLLARS IN AN EFFORT TO MAKE ALL LAW ABIDING CITIZENS AN EASY TARGET.     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;color:red;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; color: red; font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm a firm believer of the 2nd Amendment! If you are too, please forward.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ray Strauss&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-8060523452799883032?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/8060523452799883032/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/little-gun-history-in-1929-soviet-union.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8060523452799883032'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8060523452799883032'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/little-gun-history-in-1929-soviet-union.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-8978235007056710247</id><published>2009-03-17T16:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-17T16:49:03.405-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;What next?  We as adults have apparently been poisoned by almost every thing and we are still living.  It looks like to me, the sky is falling and we are to dumb to care for ourselves and need the government to do it for us..................&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;Lynn&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="hn-headline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 186%; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; line-height: 100%; "&gt;Lead is feared in children's books&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="hn-byline" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; color: rgb(103, 103, 103); margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.4em; "&gt;By LEE LOGAN – &lt;span class="hn-date" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;4 hours ago&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. (AP) — Could a vintage, dog-eared copy of "The Cat in the Hat" or "Where the Wild Things Are" be hazardous to your children?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;The Consumer Product Safety Commission has raised that possibility in urging the nation's libraries to take children's books printed before 1986 off their shelves while the federal agency investigates whether the ink contains unsafe levels of lead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Few, if any, libraries are complying, and many librarians are ridiculing the recommendation as alarmist. Even the nation's premier medical sleuths, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, say any danger from lead in children's books is slight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;"We're talking about tens of millions of copies of children's books that are perfectly safe. I wish a reasonable, rational person would just say, `This is stupid. What are we doing?'" said Emily Sheketoff, executive director of the American Library Association's Washington office.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Lead poisoning has been linked to irreversible learning disabilities and behavioral problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;A federal law passed last summer and effective Feb. 10 bans lead beyond minute levels in most products intended for children 12 or younger. It was passed after a string of toy recalls. The CPSC is interpreting the law to include books.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;CPSC spokesman Scott Wolfson said libraries can safely lend any children's book printed in 1986 or later, by which time a growing body of regulations had removed lead from printer's ink. But the commission still must study the lead content in books printed before 1986. The CPSC delayed until next year the lead testing required as part of the law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Until the testing is done, the nation's more than 116,000 public and school libraries "should take steps to ensure that the children aren't accessing those books," Wolfson said. "Steps can be taken to put them in an area on hold until the Consumer Product Safety Commission can give further guidance."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;But Jay Dempsey, a health communications specialist at the CDC, said lead-based ink in children's books poses little danger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;"If that child were to actually start mouthing the book — as some children put everything in their mouths — that's where the concern would be," Dempsey said. "But on a scale of one to 10, this is like a 0.5 level of concern."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;The publishing and printing industries set up a Web site for book publishers last December to post the results of studies measuring the lead in books and their components, such as ink and paper. Those results show lead levels that were often undetectable and consistently below not only the new federal threshold, but the more stringent limit that goes into effect in August 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Those findings were cited in a letter from the Association of American Publishers to the CPSC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;The American Library Association said it has no estimate of how many children's books printed before 1986 are in circulation. But typically, libraries don't have many, because youngsters are hard on books, librarians said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;"Frankly, most of our books have been well-used and well-appreciated," said Rhoda Goldberg, director of the Harris County Public Library system in Houston. "They don't last 24 years."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Also, the lead is contained only in the type, not in the illustrations, according to Allan Adler, vice president for legal and governmental affairs for the Association of American Publishers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Sheketoff said she heard of just two libraries that started to restrict access to children's books last month. One roped off the children's section; the other covered children's books with a tarp. Both libraries, which she declined to identify, stopped after being contacted by the association, she said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;"Communities would have a stroke if public libraries started throwing out hundreds and hundreds of books just because they came out before a certain copyright date," said Margaret Todd, librarian for the Los Angeles County system, which has 89 branches and about 3 million children's books. Todd said she expects the commission to develop reasonable standards that protect children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Nathan Brown, a lawyer for the library association, said libraries should not even be subject to the law. He argued that Congress never wanted to regulate books and that libraries do not sell books and thus are not subject to the consumer products law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;em style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; "&gt;Associated Press Writer David A. Lieb contributed to this report.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;Lynn Sadler&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. - Niels Bohr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It goes without saying that many of the unintended consequences engendered by good intentions boomerang against the party or group supposedly being assisted.  J. B. White &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-8978235007056710247?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/8978235007056710247/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/what-next-we-as-adults-have-apparently.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8978235007056710247'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8978235007056710247'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/what-next-we-as-adults-have-apparently.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-8263121922738352626</id><published>2009-03-15T13:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-15T13:09:24.571-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; "&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Czech President Blasts Global Warming&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Czech President Vaclav Klaus says many global warming advocates are more interested in money than they are in climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Speaking at the opening session of the Second International Conference on Climate Change last week in New York, Klaus  who is also President pro-tem of the European Union  warned that politicians have “succeeded in creating incentives which led to the rise of a very powerful [profit]-seeking group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“These people are interested neither in temperature, CO2, competing scientific hypotheses and their testing, nor in freedom or markets. They are interested in their businesses and their profits  made with the help of politicians.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They will profit, he said, from trading the licenses to emit carbon dioxide, and from constructing unproductive wind, solar and similar equipment able to generate electricity only with high levels of subsidies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They will also make money from doing research, writing and speaking about global warming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the New York conference, sponsored by the Heartland Institute and attended by more than 700 scientists, Klaus declared that “there is no fixed and stable relationship between measured temperature and CO2 emissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“The believers in this hypothesis are not able to explain why the global temperature increased from 1918 to 1940, decreased from 1940 to 1976, increased from 1976 to 1998 and decreased from 1998 to the present, irrespective of the fact that people have been adding increasing amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;He said global warming alarmists “want to change us and our behavior. Their ambition is to control and manipulate us.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The global warming debate “has not made any detectable progress and the much needed, long overdue exchange of views has not yet started. All we see and hear are uninspiring monologues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“It reminds me of the frustration people like me felt in the Communist era. Whatever you said, any convincing and well prepared arguments you used, any relevant data you assembled  no reaction. It all fell into emptiness. Nobody listened.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“They didn't even try to argue back. They considered you a naive, uninformed and confused person, an eccentric, a complainer, someone not able to accept their only truth. It is very similar now.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recalling his experience at the recent World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, he said he spent three hours at a closed session with about 60 people - heads of state and “experts” like Al Gore, Tony Blair and Kofi Annan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“It was a discouraging experience. You looked around in vain to find at least one person who would share your views. There was no one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“All the participants of the meeting took man-made global warming for granted, were convinced of its dangerous consequences, and more or less competed in one special discipline  whether to suggest a 20, 30, 50 or 80 percent CO2 emissions cut as an agreed-upon, world-wide project. It was difficult to say anything meaningful and constructive.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Newsmax reported earlier that during the Davos conference in January, Klaus said: "I'm very sorry that some people like Al Gore are not ready to listen to the competing theories. I do listen to them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"Environmentalism and the global warming alarmism is challenging our freedom. Al Gore is an important person in this movement."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Klaus concluded in New York: “The environmentalists speak about ‘saving the planet.’ From what? And from whom? One thing I know for sure: We have to save it - and us  from them.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1344357344685054681-8263121922738352626?l=righteousindigination.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/feeds/8263121922738352626/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/czech-president-blasts-global-warming.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8263121922738352626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1344357344685054681/posts/default/8263121922738352626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://righteousindigination.blogspot.com/2009/03/czech-president-blasts-global-warming.html' title=''/><author><name>Lynn Sadler</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17071154750393221798</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1344357344685054681.post-3743150242603963117</id><published>2009-03-04T15:07:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-03-04T15:14:15.032-08:00</updated><title type='text'>De Facto Deception</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="margin: 1ex;"&gt;      &lt;div&gt;    &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;DE FACTO  DECEPTION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(A work in progress by an anonymous friend)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;FOREWORD&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;/b&gt;olitical  systems mimic nature, to this extent: Death to one often provides sustenance  for another. Alert and mature individuals sense something amiss with  government and politics in today’s America. Cognitive dissonance haunts  many that are familiar with American history and government before academia  imposed a prescribed curriculum.  Public schools and institutions  of higher learning presently promulgate conflicting historical theory  compared to a regime taught two generations ago.  Most aging Americans  recognize that contemporary historical information inaccurately bear  witness to first hand observations.  In general, there is analytic  discord, confusion.  Interested Americans are asking, “What’s  going on, why this blatant attempt to mold public opinion, to misdirect,  to change our sense of history and heritage?” If you are one of many  individuals seeking to unravel the perplexity and desiring to better  understand the course our nation is steering, read on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This thesis  attempts to unravel part of a tapestry woven in fabricated history.   Be advised, it is not as complex as we were first led to believe; However,  it is not as simple as originally contemplated.  Our dynamic societal  erosion is the effect of events set in motion by government many years  ago.  The root catalyst lies with this nation’s ancestors and  us. Through apathy, ignorance and illicitly compelled responsibility,  the American people now suffer under fraudulent, arrogant, elitist central  government. America is no longer the utopia battened in documents written  by our founders. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The thrust  of this treatise is factual research into the dissolution of our Christian  Common Law and the evolution of a foreign Imperial law now governing  this nation.  Truth is obscured around this nation’s Christian  Common Law foundation.  Debauchery of the true Law enabled change  during periods of manipulated national chaos.  Much of the original  historical information is still publicly exposed but is deliberately  skewed to present a pronounced misrepresentation of historical and legal  facts!  Despite contrary liberal revisionist assertions, this nation’s  philosophy of government was conceived in Christian Common Law. Before  1947, even the courts agreed Christianity’s Biblical Law united this  nation’s originators (colonies). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“Every  system of law known to civilized society generated from or had as its  component, one of three well known systems of ethics; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;pagan&lt;/i&gt;,  &lt;i&gt;stoic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, or &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Christian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  The common law draws  it subsistence from the latter, its roots go deep into the system, the  Christian concept of right and wrong or right and justice motivates  every rule of equity.  It is the guide by which we dissolve domestic  frictions and the rule by which all legal controversies are settled.”   (Strauss v. Strauss [1941], 3 So. 2d 727, 728.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;An open, inquiring  mind is prerequisite to this or any study for truth. It requires keen  interest, direction, research and countless hours of reading and study.  This is still a Christian nation and, like exploration of the Bible,  prayer and dedication to effort will soon bring forth amazing results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In 1990, Gary  DeMar wrote a three-volume series of explanatory teaching texts entitled: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; God and Government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  &lt;/i&gt; DeMar offers the following in volume one: Government consists of &lt;b&gt; sovereignty&lt;/b&gt; (legitimacy to rule: Romans 13:1), &lt;b&gt;representation&lt;/b&gt;  (accountability to the rule of another: Exodus 18:17-23), &lt;b&gt;law &lt;/b&gt; (a moral code by which to rule: Romans 13:4), &lt;b&gt;jurisdiction&lt;/b&gt; (authority  to enforce sanctions in the name of the ruler: 1 Peter 2:13-14), and &lt;b&gt; continuity&lt;/b&gt; (stability and longevity of government: Deuteronomy 28).   DeMar goes on to point out something we must all keep in mind: No matter  how illegitimate we may feel a government to be GOD makes the decision.  “Man proposes, but GOD disposes.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The initial  information is here for you and there are numerous sources which offer  help and guidance in your quest for additional and specific knowledge.  Take time and visit a law library. Use the time to learn the general  layout of the facility and where specific books are kept.  What  you learn from the books in the law library will affect your life, your  future and the future of generations that follow.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;It has taken  more than 240 years for this country to reach our point of societal  and economic distress. Change may be instituted nationally only through  efforts of individual Christians interested in pursuing truth and willing  to right the fraud enforced upon the American people. It cannot be rectified  with insurrection or rebellion. This would merely continue the same  chaos within which we are currently mired. Think carefully and prayerfully  if you are advised otherwise!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Biblical Law  extends peaceful solutions through divine guidance originally established  in this nation’s Christian Common Law. However, we must all accept  patience, humility and knowledge through understanding where we are  (individually) and, through trust, that the LORD will restore our nation  and our freedom.  Information on the following pages attempts to  illuminate the dark corners of history and Law and to disclose a peaceful,  Christian solution without violence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;It is not this  writer’s intention to inflame but rather to dispel historical myth,  disclose burgeoning dictatorial central government’s dynamic plan  for gradual but complete economic enslavement of our nation and to expose  the Imperial Provost law being used to accomplish these tasks.   Ignorance may be blissful but ignorance may also lead to destruction.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;None  are so hopelessly enslaved as those who falsely believe they are free&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Johann W. Goethe, German Poet, 1749-1832.)  We are also warned:  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of  civilization, it expects what never was and never will be.” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (Thomas Jefferson,1816.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Goudy Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;“Nothing  can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its  own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;                  &lt;span style=";font-family:Goudy Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;(22 In. L.R. 575 [1989] quoting  Mapp v. Ohio, 367 US 643 [1961])&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;We each owe  a great debt of gratitude to the tireless individuals whose written  efforts and boundless research have made the breadth and depth of this  dissertation and those of other writers possible.  Without divine  guidance and shared knowledge, most will continue struggling against  the impeding gloom, chained to the master of lies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Ancient  History&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Law  is often but the tyrants will, and always so when it violates the rights  of an individual." &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Thomas Jefferson (letter to Isaac H.  Tiffan, 1819)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“Law of the  Land” was first defined in English history at the original 39&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;  chapter of the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Magna Carta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in 1215: “No free  man shall be taken or imprisoned or dispossessed, or outlawed, or banished,  or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him, nor send upon him,  except by the legal judgement of his peers or by the &lt;u&gt;law of the land&lt;/u&gt;.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  In American jurisprudence at &lt;i&gt;State v. Stimpson,&lt;/i&gt; 62 Atl. Rep.  14, 18, 78. Vt. 124, (1905); citing &lt;i&gt;Janes v. Reynold’s Admrs&lt;/i&gt;,  2 Tex. 250, 252 (1847), we find the following: “The term Law of the  Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;*  * * when first used in the Magna Carta, * * * probably meant the established  law of the kingdom, in opposition to the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Roman law&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  which was about being introduced into the land.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The English  people declared to King John that new law, &lt;u&gt;Roman law&lt;/u&gt;, would not  be tolerated&lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;According to Sir Edward Coke, only established &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; per legem terrae&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (by the law of the land, ”by the common law,  statute law or custom of England”) would be endured by the people.  “(A)n act against the Magna Carta was void.” (Edward Coke, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Institutes of the Laws of England&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; part, pg.  50.) Coke was recounting the maxim of Law: “(T)hat which is first  in time, prevails as a matter of law.” The “Law of the Land” is  restrictions placed on government to secure rights of life, liberty  and property to the people. It is the essence of immutability! Wrapped  neatly, but without statement, within “Law of the Land” is the term:  “Due Process of law.” And, at 28 Edward III: “No man of whatever  state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements,  nor taken, nor imprisoned, nor disinherited, nor put to death, without  he be brought to answer by &lt;u&gt;due process of law&lt;/u&gt;.” These are synonymous  terms later broadened to establish laws, methods and security of inviolate  individual rights.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;American law  and government were descended from established English law and rule.  However, it must be remembered, that one of the dominant driving forces  that created the “American experience” was a slow revival of &lt;i&gt; arbitrary&lt;/i&gt; English government against the colonies. The original  colonies did not embrace all English law or kingly precepts. American  law accepted some English law but created new law to found the Fundamental  American Common Civil Law. Grounding this principle, Chief Justice Tilghman  of Pennsylvania commented: “Every country has its common law. Ours  is composed partly of the common law of England, and partly of our own  usages. When our ancestors emigrated from England, they took with them  such of the English principles as were convenient for the situation  in which they were about to place themselves. It required time and experience  to ascertain how much of the English law would be suitable to this country.  By degrees, as circumstances demanded, we adopted the English usages,  or substituted others better suited to our wants, till at length, &lt;u&gt; before the time of the revolution&lt;/u&gt;, we had formed a system of our  own.” (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardians of the Poor v. Greene&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 5 Binney  (Pa.) 554, 558 (1813.) (Emphasis added.) This comment is backed by a  previous case that arose in 1772; Robin v. Hardaway (1 Jefferson 109),  wherein Justice Mason comments: “Now all acts of legislature contrary  to natural right and justice, are, in our laws, and must be in the nature  of things, considered void. &lt;u&gt;The laws of nature are the laws of God&lt;/u&gt;;  whose authority can be superseded by no power on earth. A legislature  must not obstruct our obedience from whose punishments they cannot protect  us. All human constitutions which contradict His laws, we are in conscience  bound to disobey. Such have been the adjudications of our courts of  justice.” (8 Co.118 &amp;amp; 7 Co.14.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;History makes  it clear that English common law was enforced throughout the colonies  until the Revolutionary War. However, it is also obvious that degeneration  of established English law by king and parliament against the colonies  created circumstances leading to American independence. America was  following that body of laws, customs, religion, rights, justice and  legal principles authorized in the ”&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;lex non scripta”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (unwritten law or organic law) first established at the founding of  the colonies. Organic law was the embodiment found in the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;English  Constitution&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Magna Carta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Petition  of Rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Habeas Corpus Act&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt; the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bill of Rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  various statute laws of English Parliament, along with principles and  maxims of ancient common law. These elements represent an unwritten,  unalterable constitution existing and governing this nation &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;before&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  the ratified Constitution for the Union of states in 1789.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This postulate  is also exemplified in the Declaration of Independence, stating: The  king had, “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction  foreign to &lt;u&gt;our Constitution&lt;/u&gt;, and unacknowledged by  &lt;u&gt;our Laws&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.”&lt;/i&gt; (Emphasis added.) The &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Declaration  of Independence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; was written years before the Constitution for  the united States existed. The inviolate “constitution” mentioned  are the ancient fundamentals and maxims alive but dormant in England,  much like America today. Quoting from Justice Thomas M. Cooley, “It  is true the colonists in the incipient period planted themselves upon &lt;u&gt; established rights&lt;/u&gt;, instead of seeking or desiring a revolution.  Their purpose, therefore, was to &lt;u&gt;maintain old established principles  of the&lt;/u&gt; [English] &lt;u&gt;Constitution&lt;/u&gt;, instead of overturning them;  and they occupied &lt;u&gt;a conservative position&lt;/u&gt;, resisting innovations  which the &lt;u&gt;imperial government&lt;/u&gt; [of England] was attempting to  force . . . In America only change in the general sovereignty [government  rule] was intended; in respect to the &lt;u&gt;general laws&lt;/u&gt;, the revolution  was strictly &lt;u&gt;preservative&lt;/u&gt;.” (Thomas M. Cooley, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Principles  of Constitutional Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; ed., [1891], pp. 24-25.)  (Emphasis added.) Justice Cooley clearly states that an ‘imperial  government’&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;forced edicts and parliamentary laws on American  colonies repugnant to an established and preexisting legal maxim:   “Law of the Land.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;As early as 1782,  Jefferson told Monroe that it was ridiculous to suppose that a man should  surrender himself to the state. This would be slavery, and not the liberty  which the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bill of Rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; has made inviolable, and for the  preservation of which our government has been changed. (Changed from  the Roman civil law to American Common Civil Law: (Ruling Case Law,  Vol. 5, Section II, &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Adoption of English Common Law  in America.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;)  Jefferson continued, saying  that liberty would be destroyed anytime there exist, &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  . .  the establishment of the opinion that the state has a perpetual  right to the services of all its members.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;   (Jefferson to Monroe, May 20, 1782, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jefferson Papers, IX&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  p. 380, Boyd Edition. Excerpt from the book, &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  Creation of The American Republic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,"&lt;/i&gt; 1776-1787, [p.  610] by Gordon S. Wood, 1969.)  The term &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;that liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;  to which Jefferson refers is Public Law for private purposes and &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;that liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;  is self-evident and comes before the State and is opposite to &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;the Blessings  of Liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt; in the preamble of the Constitution, which  is commercial. (Freytag v. C.I.R., 111 S.Ct. 2631 [1991].)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;American legal  process may have been derived from English Common Law; However, American  Law was predicated upon liberty, free enterprise and limited government.  The idea of government superior to “Law of the Land” came into reality  with American politicians before “Lincoln’s War.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; This assumption has grown more and  more tyrannical with the passing of time. American military government  has risen above “due process of Law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; through a series of usurpations. Central  government perverted the document of our individual protections into  a tool of tyranny, dictating unauthorized controls over the life, liberty  and property of its creators. One of the most important aspects of the  common law before 1760: It did not recognize unilateral/bilateral contracts  where no full disclosures and meeting of the minds existed. The right  to fully disclose private contracts was basic to American common law.  Original American common law contracts demanded that all parties involved  understood the facts and clauses and all parties had to agree by endorsement  in order for a contract to be valid. Everything was spelled out. No  hidden implications or strings were attached.  However, for the  last 140 plus years, America federal government has “. . . combined  with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction foreign to &lt;u&gt;our Constitution&lt;/u&gt;,  and unacknowledged by &lt;u&gt;our Laws&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Conveniently  missing from the original Bill of Rights is a two sentence Preamble  written to explain how the original ten amendments were to be interpreted,  their all inclusive meaning and why they were attached to the Constitution  for the United States of America of 1791.  These lines lend a totally  different perspective to how the original amendments must be understood  and accepted.  Many thanks to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Dr.  Linda Thompson of the American Justice Federation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;for  making the following information available:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Effective  December 15, 1791.  Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the  Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress,  and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to  the fifth Article of  the original Constitution.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;PREAMBLE&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting  the Constitution of the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to  prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory  and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground  of public confidence in the Government, will best insure the beneficent  ends of its institution.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Most Americans  accept the notion that any statute passed by legislators with the appearance  of law is indeed the &lt;b&gt;Law of the land&lt;/b&gt;.  In fact, however,  any valid Law, statute, or ordinance must be in agreement with state  constitutions and the Constitution for the united States of America  (1791.)  It is impossible for both the constitutions and a law  violating them to be valid, one or the other must prevail.  Going  to Sixteenth American Jurisprudence, Second Edition, at Section 256,  we find the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;The  general rule is that an unconstitutional statute, though having the  form and name of law, is in reality no law, but is wholly void, and  ineffective for any purpose; since unconstitutionality dates from the  time of its enactment, and not merely from the date of the decision  so branding it.  An unconstitutional law, in legal contemplation,  is as inoperative as if it had never been passed.  Such a statute  leaves the question that it purports to settle just as it would be had  the statute not been enacted.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Since  an unconstitutional law is void, the general principles follow that  it imposes no duties, confers no rights, creates no office, bestows  no power or authority on anyone, affords no protection, and justifies  no acts performed under it . . . &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;A  void act cannot be legally consistent with a valid one.  An unconstitutional  law cannot operate to supersede any existing valid law.  Indeed,  insofar as a statute runs counter to the fundamental law of the land,  it is superseded thereby. No one is bound to obey an unconstitutional  law and no courts are bound to enforce it.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Clearly, early  American jurisprudence bound legislative enactments to a much higher  standard than we are currently experiencing.  Even as late as 1967,  the united States Supreme Court stated: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;In our country the  people are sovereign and the Government cannot sever its relationship  to the people by taking away their citizenship.  Our Constitution  governs us and we must never forget that our Constitution limits the  government to those powers specifically granted or those that are necessary  and proper to carry out the specifically granted ones. . . allegiance  in this country is not due to the Congress, but to the people, with  whom the sovereign power is found . . .&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;  &lt;/i&gt; (Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253.) However&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; in today’s America&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;legislated de facto laws, statutes, codes  and regulations now limit virtually all behavior of American citizens.  The following somewhat illuminates, how this came to be:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:130%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Emergence&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;As with most  change, there exists some pivotal turning point. Our event takes us  just prior to Lincoln’s War, commonly referred to as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Civil War” or “War between the  States.” Public education moves through historical events, emphasizing  those occurrences that fit popular notion and prescribed curriculums.  Omission of salient facts is often the general order of progression.  These voids or leaps frequently leave out all ties to constitutionality  or unlawful acts perpetrated by popularized individuals. Portrayals  usually settle around emotional and/or fashionable issues inherent to  current, cultural politics and politicians. Bear in mind, the victorious  in any conflict write the history! This approach almost always skews  reality and truth. Clever slight of hand focuses attention to conclusions  desired by the performers. In a nutshell, it is called &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;deception&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Those persons that assume positions of superiority generally justify  whatever means necessary to obtain and hold their eminence. The focus  of this particular betrayal was forced on the American people more than  one hundred forty years ago. The beginning acts, over time, have moved  this nation from a complex constitutional legislative republic to a  simple democracy. The following information reveals many sinkholes in  our dirt road of knowledge. Most of these pitfalls were created by deft  politicians, obedient bureaucrats and revisionist historians using deception  as a tool, non constitutional law as a stepping stone and economic slavery  as a whip. Few Americans are aware today that their political choice  has been made for them, and it is a political choice that has taken  away their absolute rights under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.   Most Americans are unaware that they were given an economic privilege  at birth of an alternative political domain - allowed by the Constitution,  but operating outside of it. A domain that operates with the same Divine Right  of Kings as did the King of England. Thus, during most of the twentieth  century, the united States Constitution was operated in an economic  (commercial) capacity rather than a political one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“No section  of a constitution should be considered superfluous.” Butler Taconite  v. Roemer, 282 N.W. 2nd 867, 870. (Minn. 1979.)   “A constitution  is not to be made to mean one thing at one time, and another at some  subsequent time when the circumstances may have so changed as perhaps  to make a different rule in the case desirable. A principle share of  the benefit expected from written constitutions would be lost if the  rules they established were so flexible as to bend to circumstances  or be modified by public opinion. *** (A) court or legislature which  would allow a change in public sentiment to influence it giving to a  written constitution a construction not warranted by the intentions  of its founders, would be justly chargeable with reckless disregard  of official oath and public duty; and if its course could become a precedent,  these instruments would be of little avail. ***What a court is to do,  therefore, is &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;to declare the law as written&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Judge T. M. Cooley, &lt;i&gt;A treatise on the Constitutional Limitations&lt;/i&gt;,  5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Edition, pp. 54, 55.)  (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A Short  History&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;“The  Civil War represents the simultaneous culmination and repudiation of  the American Revolution&lt;/i&gt; . . . &lt;i&gt;Lincolns War was governments express  rejection of the American Revolution and all freedom of self-determination.  Abolition cause does not justify suppression of secession . . . Henceforth  there would be no more major victories of Liberty over Power . . . (T)he  United States had commenced its halting but inexorable march toward  the Welfare-warfare State of today&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (Jeffery  Rogers Hummel, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men: a history  of the American Civil War&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Open Court Publishing Company, Peru,  IL, 1996, pg. 349 &amp;amp; 359.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;It is clear  that Lincolns War, ushered in by a lengthy and politically divisive  period, is the literal turning point that changed this nation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Constitutional  Questions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Between 1819  and 1860, there was a great deal of contention between Northern and  Southern interests within the respective several states, congress, and  individual private concerns.  For years prior to the conflict,  a movement was in motion to have the Republic states dismiss their legislative  assemblages &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sine Die&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  This change would primarily  benefit the several Northern states commercially lucrative endeavors  without the restrictive chains of state constitutional &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;American  Common Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Removal of civil state governments would have  Washington, D.C. become a central power. New and radical Northern Republican  political elements marched steadily against sitting President Buchanan  with their candidate, Abraham Lincoln.  Southerners resisted congressional  leaning but that was to last only a short time longer. Several Southern  congressional representatives affirmed they would not return to national  legislative session if Abraham Lincoln succeeded to President of the  united States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Congress recessed  on or about October 20, 1860, then &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;partially&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; reconvened  on the first Monday of December 1860.  Lincoln had succeeded to  president elect the previous November. One Southern state withdrew constitutional  ratification and refused to attend the mandatory meeting. Six additional  Southern states subsequently walked out of compelled assembly and withdrew  ratification of the Constitution by their respective states. These actions  produced the &lt;i&gt;final adjournment&lt;/i&gt; of &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Civil&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;u&gt;Representative&lt;/u&gt;  Government in America to date!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Constitution for the united  States of America at Article I, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;4, par. 2 states: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Congress  shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be  on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a  different day.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  After Lincolns successful presidential  bid in November 1860, South Carolina withdrew from the Union. Following  South Carolinas lead, six additional Southern states, Georgia, Louisiana,  Mississippi, Florida, Alabama and Texas, walked out of national congress  and withdrew ratification of the national Constitution. All the heads  of Civil Government did not convene on that first Monday of December  1860, as prescribed by Law. At termination of the December 1860 Congress  meeting, only twenty-six of the thirty-three constitutionally joined  (Nation Union) states were present in the assembly.  All the heads  of Civil Government were not present. A quorum of de jure representative  government no longer existed and a time certain for reconvening &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Civil&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Congress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; was not established!  (Constitution,  Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;5,  Para. 4: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Neither House, during the Session of Congress shall,  without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,  nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;)  Did the Constitution still bind these secessionist states, or were they  free agents?  Most joined the Union under freewill, could they  not remove themselves the same way?  In whatever event, de jure  Congress partially met and then adjourned &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sine Die&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; from  the December 1860 assembly.  A time certain for &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Congress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to reconvene was now &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;without day!” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Four additional  states (Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia and Tennessee) left the Union  when the original severed states fired on Fort Sumter, after Lincoln  blockaded the fort and called for troops to invade the South.   Lincoln’s war, popularly referred to as “Civil War” (among other  things) had begun.  Two Border States, Missouri and Kentucky remained  in the shattered Union under duress of union military presence but with  split allegiance.  Lawful quorums of de jure congressional representatives  were no longer available by April 1861. Only twenty-two of the original  thirty-three states continued in remnant national congress by May 1861.  Several mid-Western and Northern states debated rescinding Constitutional  ratification due to fervent public/political opposition to Lincoln’s  invasion of the South. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Actions taken  by (remaining) congressmen after March 27, 1861 were not constitutional!   Congress adjourned without appointing a time certain to reconvene. The  combined acts of Lincoln, Congress, State Legislators and the Courts  brought &lt;b&gt;Sunset&lt;/b&gt; to all branches of American Civil Government within  the (u)nited States and the District of Columbia. A compliant, de jure  republic nation no longer existed, constitutionally! Lincoln’s Executive  Proclamation recalled Congress April 15, 1861.  From that point  forward, national congress was to sit at the pleasure of the president!  Together, they would seize all power of the lawful republic governments  and create the illusion of legitimate legislative controls that continues  to this day!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lincoln declared  Martial law (war on the South) by &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Executive Order&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to the  military on April 21, 1861. Lincoln’s actions were taken upon presumed  Executive Authority and without Constitutional precedent.  The  Constitution provides no authority for Lincoln’s action.  Such  authority does not exist! Declaring military action, war, insurrection,  etc., is the role of de jure Congress.  Lincoln usurped de jure  government by issuing the first written Executive Order to the generals  of the army, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;after&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; civil congress abandoned the people!   Lincoln as&lt;i&gt;sumed&lt;/i&gt; authority!  The united States of America  came under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Martial law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; declared by the Commander-in-Chief  of the Union military force of this nation, the President of the United  States! A remnant &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;de facto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; congress approved Lincoln’s  actions &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ex Post Facto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; the following July.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This nation’s  Constitutional framers relied principally upon nation history and philosophical  writings rather than creativity in formulating a new national government.  Writers and philosophers such as Edmund Burke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau,  David Hume and eminent legal authorities Lord Coke, Blackstone and John  Locke’s treatise were prime sources. John Locke (1632-1704, an English  Jurist and empirical philosopher) understood and expounded on governments  in the 1690s when he wrote&lt;i&gt; Civil Essays &lt;/i&gt; and&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;concluded: The simplest way to dissolve a Representative  Republican government is for the head of government not to come into  Lawful Session! Locke’s theory, although not formally recognized,  leads one to conclude that modern American government is following Locke’s  philosophy. Who is the head of civil government in this country?   Answer, De jure Congress!  Was a congressional quorum&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; of the several states available upon Lincoln’s call for a special  session?  Was the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;civil&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; head of government  complete and able to do business?  Answers: No!  Southern  representatives abandoned congressional assemblage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;De jure congressional  actions created a condition known as&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Sine Die &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to take&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;roots in December of 1860! According to Black’s  Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed., Sine Die meaning: “Without day,  without assigning a day for further meeting or hearing.  Hence,  a legislative body adjourns Sine Die when it adjourns without appointing  a day on which to appear or assemble again . . . A Final Adjournment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Art. 1, Sec 5, Par. 4, only quorum congress can adjourn itself!)   In an attempt to maintain states’ Rights, Southern congressmen initiated  action that brought “Sunset”  to Constitutional Representative Government  for the (u)nited States of America and an end to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;De jure Civil  Government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in the Union of states.  Unwittingly&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;  Southerners set the stage for central government’s eventual enslavement  of this nation!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;War, Rebellion  or Neither&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Abraham Lincoln  was inaugurated President in March of 1861, duly elected under rule  of Constitutional Law.  Lincoln was a lawyer by trade, thus purporting  superior knowledge of the Law.  Lincoln’s Oath of Office declared  he would protect and defend the Constitution for the united States of  America to the best of his ability.  Upon assuming office, Lincoln  turned to Constitutional responsibilities at Article I, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8,  par 15:  “To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute  the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel invasion; .  . . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  &lt;b&gt; The War Powers, &lt;/b&gt;Martial law!  This authority, however, is reserved  to de jure Congress.  There is no contemplation of Article I, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8,  par. 15, under authorization at the president’s discretion!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Notwithstanding,  Lincoln pressed his theory of Constitutional Law demanding the several  states had no right of secession (once in never out!). Historically,  President Buchanan expressed similar views, but Buchanan took no action  against the secessionists.  After Lincoln’s death, (Vice) President  Johnson followed Lincoln’s election platform of 1864, with some reservation.   Johnson apparently understood Constitutional silence on states reclaiming  total sovereignty. Regardless, nothing is written within the Constitution  document on that subject, only in Constitutional Amendments.  In  effect, Johnson acknowledged understanding of Amendment number ten,  despite Lincoln’s legal theory!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Declaring war  is a function reserved to de jure Congress (Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8, par. 11.)  However, Lincoln  pressed his legal theory, purportedly backed by (War Powers) authority  contained within the Constitution.  Upon issuing the first written  Executive Order on April 21, 1861, “Lincoln called 75,000 troops to  go against, ‘combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary  course of judicial proceedings’ . . . (b)y calling troops to put down  insurrection, Lincoln set the nature of the war; he officially denied  the existence of the Confederacy and conceded only that the South contained  ‘combinations’ in rebellion. No declaration of war was necessary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;   (&lt;i&gt;Civil War II&lt;/i&gt;, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, 1998.)   Therefore, Lincoln sent forth his &lt;i&gt;Army of the Potomac&lt;/i&gt; (under  Martial law) to allegedly return Southern states to assemble with remaining  congress.  If this was Lincoln’s reasoning, his action, conceivably,  would grant congress an opportunity to work out their differences and  regain lawful, civil representative government for the nation.   However, it must be remembered that Lincoln took actions without advice  or consent from de jure Congress and without Constitutional precedent!   In reality, the United States presidency usurped Constitutional authority  by becoming dictator and, ultimately, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Emperor&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (see Glossary)  over the District of Columbia and the several states.  In 1872,  the previous Federal Union of Washington, D.C. formally became the United  States Incorporated! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Congressional  representatives remaining in the Union were formally notified of Lincoln’s  actions in June but were not assembled until July 1861, more than two  months after Lincoln assumed authority. Two major questions still surround  the events of 1861: 1.) Did the South have the Right of Constitutional  rescission? And, 2.)  Did the President of the United States have  Constitutional authority to blockade Southern seaports and send armed  troops against Southern states? The conflict is history; unfortunately,  a reforming of this nation’s De jure Civil Republic Governments is  not a part of that history. It has yet to occur!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Liberty  or Martial law&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Digressing,  we examine some relevant elements of history and Law. Was this a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Civil  War,” rebellion, or crusade for an independent South?  Popular  history calls the conflict &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Civil War;” Although, legal history  proclaims, it was rebellion, a Police Action under authority of the  President (Martial law.)  What is Martial law?  1 Blackstone’s  Commentaries, 413, expresses the following: “&lt;u&gt;Martial Law&lt;/u&gt;, which  is &lt;u&gt;built upon no settled principles&lt;/u&gt;, but is entirely arbitrary  in its decisions, &lt;u&gt;is in truth&lt;/u&gt; and reality &lt;u&gt;no law&lt;/u&gt;, but  sometimes indulged rather than allowed as law.  The necessity of  order and discipline in an army is the only thing which can give it  countenance, and therefore &lt;u&gt;it ought not to be permitted in time of  peace&lt;/u&gt;, when King’s courts are open for all persons to receive  justice according to the &lt;u&gt;laws of the land&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; In Egan, 5Blatchford, 321, Federal  Case No. 4303; We read: “&lt;u&gt;Martial Law is&lt;/u&gt; neither more or less  than &lt;u&gt;the will of the general who commands the army&lt;/u&gt;.  &lt;u&gt; It overrides&lt;/u&gt; and suppresses &lt;u&gt;all existing civil laws, civil officers,  and civil authorities, by the arbitrary exercise of military power&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Emphasis added.) Southern states were obviously attempting to break  away and establish a new nation to include those states that withdrew  from the previous Union of states and Washington, District of Columbia.  There is absolutely no written contemplation that Jefferson Davis and  the Southern states intended an overthrow of Washington, D.C. and the  remaining Union governments. Such actions would indeed have been rebellion.  Quoting Karl Marx communist and author of &lt;i&gt;The Communist Manifesto:&lt;/i&gt;  “North and South is a tariff war. The war is further, not for any  principle, does not touch the question of slavery, and in fact turns  on the Northern lust for sovereignty,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (R.E. Sutherland, Edgefield, S.C.  Advertiser, March 2002.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Unrevised history  recognizes that secession was contemplated by the founding fathers but  was not addressed directly within the Constitution. This is probably  due to the sensitivity of the subject during the Constitutional Convention.   In whatever case, secession theory was taught at West Point Military  Academy from a text book written by eminent legal mind of the time,  William Rawle, LL.D..  &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A View of the Constitution&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  was first published in 1825 and again in 1829, revised.  William  Rawle (1757-1836) was a close friend of Benjamin Franklin and George  Washington, an elected member of the Pennsylvania state legislature,  and a charter member of Franklin’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Society for Political Inquiries&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  President George Washington appointed Mr. Rawle United States attorney  for Pennsylvania in 1791, a position he held for eight years. Interestingly,  Mr. Rawle was a Tory. Mr. Rawle was later elected President of the Maryland  Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery in 1818.  The final  chapter of William Rawle’s book is devoted to his strong view on states’  Rights and lengthy discussion on a state’s right to secede from the  Union! It would seem that secession &lt;i&gt;was&lt;/i&gt; contemplated within imminently  recognized institutions of higher learning in theory and in lectures  prior to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lincoln’s War&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  It also follows that graduated  military officers and those in attendance at West Point prior to the  conflict would feel compelled to defend their right to put into practice  what they were taught!  It also seems strange that halls of congress  were silent on secession until political and military conflict became  reality. Questions that lead to deadly combat between the several states  were not new to congress in 1861. Obfuscation, then as now, obscures  motivation and truth. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;The Change&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Do we presently  have the four elements demanded by the Constitution for a Representative  Government?  The answer is; Yes.  But under what authority?   Returning to John Locke’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil Essays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt; we learn  that representative government may be returned from a Martial law condition  in three ways: 1.)  The chief executive, commander-in-chief, dictator,  etc., publicly declares termination of a Martial law condition and returns  the country to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;legitimate&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; civil government.  2.) A foreign power conquers the nation and  proclaims its inhabitants to be free.  3.)  The nation’s  people organize, raise up and form a new Government.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;According to  the Law of War and Law of Nations (International law), war takes place  between two sovereigns (see War; Black’s Law, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Ed.;  1910.)  If Lincoln’s assumption was correct, then he sent forth  a police force (Army of the Potomac) to suppress a rebellion under Martial  law.  On April 11, 1865, Lincoln voiced his view of the secessionists  as follows: “Unlike a case of war between independent nations, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; there is no authorized organ for us to treat with  no one man has authority to give up  &lt;u&gt;rebellion&lt;/u&gt; for any other man&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;  We simply must begin  with and mold from disorganized and discordant elements.” (Commager, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Documents of American History, Vol. I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, pg. 448) (Emphasis added.)   Lincoln proclaims his actions were to suppress rebellion!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Marque and  Reprisal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Was Lincoln  suppressing a rebellion? Theoretically, Rules of War dictate that after  cessation of hostilities and return to peace, a hostile party’s property  is returned or he is compensated for his loss. Under rebellion, however,  property of the rebellious (rebels) is &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;confiscated&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;!&lt;/i&gt;   Do we have any evidence to suggest which of these circumstances existed  during and after the hostilities?  Examine the following.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In 1862, remnant  congress passed legislation known as &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Confiscation Act&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  whereby seized Rebel lands taken by military force fell under control  of the Federal Nation Union.  However, when a proposal was put  forth to give away seized land to freedmen in 1865, congress voted against  the legislation as illegal. (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;America: A Narrative History, vol.  II&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, George Brown Tindall, W.W. Norton Co., New York; 1988, Pg.  700.)  Military congressional theory of constitutional law adjudged  the Rebels guilty of treason. Nevertheless, the Constitution (Article  3,  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;3,  par. 2) provides, “no Attainder of Treason shall work corruption of  Blood, or Forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.”  Land could be leased during the life of the dishonored but &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;property&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (land, etc.) reverted to the families once the guilty were dead. Congress  was never constitutionally empowered to redistribute ownership of land!   But this did not stop redistribution of Allodial Southern land holdings  by military government. As history shows, military congress legislated  burdening taxation against the non-Lawfully represented several Southern  states, circumventing what could not be lawfully done within Constitutional  constraints.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A modern theme  for “Lincoln’s War” centers around the emotional/political issue  of slavery. However, slavery, like so many impassioned issues created  by politicians today, does not appear the motivating force for ensuing  hostilities. Most historical authorities point to the case of Dred Scott  v. Sandford, 19 Howard (60 U.S.) 393 (1856), in which the United States  Supreme Court adjudicated that a slave, Dred Scott under Missouri law,  was denied right of state Citizenship but, as a freedman, Scott could  hold land ownership (according to some justices) but without standing  to bring suit before the courts. Interestingly, this question is answered  the following year by Maine’s state Supreme Court at, 44 Maine 505.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Recall prior  to the “Lincoln’s War,” the several states” Law (American Common  Law) was superior to central government edicts (except Article III,  Constitutional questions at appellant level.) In 1857, the Maine legislature  requested Maine’s state Supreme Court address the question of Citizenship  for freed slaves and a former slave’s rights to hold property and  to vote. The Maine court unanimously upheld a freedman’s rights (emancipation)  to all of the above. According to some authorities, this also held true  in several Southern states. History does report there were emancipated  slaves (freedmen) owning land and working slaves on their allodial land  holdings prior to “Lincoln’s War.”  Could it be that personal  and political motivations moved the United States Supreme Court to rule  as they did?  Probably, if we examine the slave holdings of U.S.  Supreme Court Chief Justice Tanney; however, other history reports Tanney  divested his slave holding thirty years prior to the Scott decision.  Nevertheless, we can look to Lincoln and his comments on slavery before  and after conflict was underway but with an outcome still at issue. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;My paramount object in this struggle  is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.   If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it;  and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and  if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also  do that.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Abraham Lincoln, 1862 (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Basic  History of the United States: Volume 3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  Clarence B. Carson, American Textbook Committee, Wadley, Ala., 1985,  Pg. 143.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lincoln makes  it perfectly clear that slavery was not the purpose for his war. Slavery  was a socially sensitive issue of the time that was used as a means  to an economic/political end. The conflict’s culmination was the creation  of constitutional amendments (13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;)  that removed state Rights and presently control this nation’s individual  life, liberty and property, regardless of race.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The average  American assumes the ‘Civil War’ was fought to eliminate slavery  since that is what they are taught. But this was not the real issue.  In fact, slavery may be the purest form of Socialism. At least it would  appear so from the acceptance given slavery by Socialist concepts of  the mid-1800s. Slave owners confiscated worker labor but returned the  necessities of life to the individual. According to “Socialist new  think,” slavery provided a guaranteed income and job security for  the slave. (The United States At War, Jeffery Hummel and Wendy McElroy,  Audio Classic Series narrated by George C. Scott, Knowledge Products,  1989.)  This is not too different from concepts espoused by today’s  prominent Socialist leaders.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The problem  with early American slavery is simple. It did not work! By mid-nineteenth  century, slavery began falling from acceptance in both North and South  as too costly. Slavery was collapsing due to its major flaws: Slave  owners discovered burgeoning taxes and escalating maintenance costs  made forced servitude an unproductive scheme. Although less than one  forth of all Southerners owned slaves, Southerners were portrayed as  controlling, backward pro-slavery barbarians. This is little different  from skewed media portrayals of political news events today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lincoln’s  war was not going well by 1863. Lincoln was having difficulty forcing  conscription on remnant Union states due to the Northern army’s excessive  casualties. Slavery espoused the moral cause enabling Lincoln to rally  support for his lagging popularity with voters. Nevertheless, there  were dominating political issues. “By 1819, the North had 105 votes  in the House and the South had only 81. With the Senate balanced, this  gave the majority North the ability to tax the South at will. A complex  net of import and export taxes dragged vast amounts of Southern wealth  into federal government’s coffers where it was spent on projects in  the North.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (Ascent to Affluence, Charles Hession  and Hyman Sardy, Allyn &amp;amp; Bacon Publishers, New York, 1969, p. 354.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Notwithstanding,  Lincoln hedged his political position with &lt;i&gt;Northern&lt;/i&gt; slave owners.  A close reading of The Emancipation Proclamation (a War Powers Executive  Action under Emergency Powers Police Action) reveals much about the  “Civil War.”  Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation  on September 22, 1862.  Popular history reports that this document  freed the slaves.  The proclamation freed slaves; However, which  slaves did it free?  Quoting from the document: “That on the  first day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred  sixty-three, &lt;u&gt;all persons held as slaves within any State or designated  part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against  the United States, shall be then, thenceforth, and forever free&lt;/u&gt;  . . . And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, &lt;u&gt; I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within the designated  States, and parts of States, are, and henceforth shall be free&lt;/u&gt; .  . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;   The document also says that the &lt;u&gt;people of the States represented  in congress&lt;/u&gt; (on January 1, 1863 or within the next 100 days thereafter) &lt;u&gt; are not in rebellion&lt;/u&gt;!  If you were not in rebellion (not having  sworn allegiance to the Confederacy) you could keep your slaves!   Or, as Black’s Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Edition, explains: “An &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Executive Proclamation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, issued January 1, 1863, by Abraham Lincoln,  declaring that all persons held in slavery in certain designated states  and districts were and should remain free.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  Lincoln goes on to write that  his action was, “.  . .warranted by the Constitution, upon &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; military necessity&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  Lincoln instituted the law of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Necessity&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;confiscate&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; property from the rebellious  (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;rebels&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.) &lt;/i&gt;(Emphasis added.) Under the above definition:&lt;i&gt;  “&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Necessity&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; knows no law&lt;i&gt;!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Rebel property  could be used commercially to pursue hostilities.  Slaves were  property of their owners. Thus, slaves could be sold or traded for gold  and silver to purchase supplies required to continue militancy.   Only slaves of rebellious states and various elements subscribing to  the Confederacy were freed, no other!  Slavery was not abolished  until adoption of the (purported) thirteenth Amendment, two years later.  One point is evident: Government admits the ‘Civil War‘ was not  a war, it was construed as insurrection, rebellion!  Under rebellion,  property can be confiscated without compensation to the rebellious (rebels.)   Were the Southern States compensated after the conflict? The answer  is clearly stated in the 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;4: “But neither the United States  nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in  aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim  for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations,  and claims shall be held illegal and void.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;If the ‘Civil  War’ was not a war and property seized during the conflict was not  returned after peace was declared then the military action against Southern  states was nothing less than granting &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Letters of Marque and Reprisal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (united States Constitution, Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8, par. 11.  By definition, Bouvier’s  Law Dictionary, 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed., 1859, “A commission granted by  the government to a &lt;u&gt;private individual&lt;/u&gt;, to take property of a  foreign state, or of the citizens or subjects of each state, as a reparation  for an injury committed by such state, it citizens or subjects.”)  Does this definition fit the term, “Carpet Bagger?” It would appear  so.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Question: was  Martial law terminated at anytime after hostilities between the states  ceased? Answer, No! If declared a “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;rebel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,”&lt;/i&gt;  government can confiscate your property! Does this also hold true in  our nation today? If you have doubt, read almost any daily paper. Newspaper  and visual media stories abound with &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;civil&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; confiscation  “without due process” (of law) and with disastrous attacks on selected  U.S. citizens by government agents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;New Maxims  of Old law&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Abraham Lincoln’s  actions at the beginning of the 1861 nation crisis set in place a resurrection  of&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Military and Roman Imperial Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  &lt;/i&gt; Imperial Roman Military law was an organized, recognized, preexisting  maxim of military rule&lt;i&gt;.  &lt;/i&gt; Rewritten by and named for a Columbia University law professor, the  old Imperial Roman Military law became codified and implemented by the  United States Adjutant General’s Office on May 24, 1863, as the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Lieber Code&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. The Roman Imperial Codes were instituted by Justinian  with their origins based in the Babylonian Codes of Hammurabi (a plaque  of Hammurabi hangs in the United States House of Representatives.)   If you take time to closely examine legal content, current United States  Code and legislated statutes are laced with Roman Civil law.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Article 1 of  the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lieber Code&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; reads as follows: ”A Place, district,  or country occupied by an enemy stands, in consequence of the occupation,  under the Martial Law of the invading or occupying army, &lt;u&gt;whether  any proclamation declaring Martial Law, or any public warning to the  inhabitants, has been issued or not&lt;/u&gt;.“ The &lt;i&gt;Lieber&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;code&lt;/i&gt;  clearly states its purpose up front! Section 1, Article 10, of the code  goes on saying:  “Martial Law affects &lt;u&gt;the police and collection  of public revenue and taxes&lt;/u&gt;, whether imposed by the &lt;u&gt;expelled&lt;/u&gt;  government or by the invader, and &lt;u&gt;refers mainly to the support and  efficiency of the army&lt;/u&gt;, its safety, and the safety of its operations.”  (Emphasis added)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Subsequent  presidents from Lincoln’s time refined the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lieber&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;codes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and revived all thirty-three volumes of the statutory  Roman Codes of Justinian. These pagan rules are now interlaced with  various legislated law, codes and statutes currently governing this  nation! This entire issue is crucial to the following information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Raising  up the Democracy  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;You  can never have a revolution in order to establish a democracy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;You must  have a democracy in order to have a revolution.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;G.K. Chesterton, British author, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; The wind and the trees&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (1909.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Martial Law  (currently a presidential War Power Executive Action) may be declared  by the president of the United States in time of national emergency,  invasion, rebellion, insurrection, riots, natural disaster, ad nauseam.  Martial law is designed as a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;temporary&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; emergency measure,  with the military operating under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;color of law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (de facto  law) and ending with the termination of hostilities and a truce. However,  an &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;armistice&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; is not a peaceful conclusion. It is the forced  resignation of will for an unspecified length of time, and is generally  political in nature!  (See: Black&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lincoln fulfilled  all essentials analogous to a dictator during his tenure. He declared  a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;National emergency&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;printed money&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Greenbacks/Commercial  Paper), and suspended the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Writ of Habeas Corpus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; among many other things.  The military and remaining elements of  government (congress and the Supreme Court) were under Lincoln’s authority!   When hostilities subsided in 1865, the civil government had been abolished  Sine Die. (The Sun had set.  &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;De jure Congress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; had  not established a time certain for reconvening, along with Lincoln’s  emergency executive actions: Martial law.) Civil Republican Government  could reform only after the President withdrew Martial law and allowed  qualified sovereign state Citizens and lawful legislators to return&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;elected/appointed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; representatives to de jure Civil Congress.  Only then, could the belligerents’ Lawfully resolve their disputes  and reestablish a constitutional meeting time for Constitutional Civil  Government (de jure Congress.)  Lincoln knew that certain elements  within and outside the existing military government preferred a dictatorial  form over control to the states and the people when he wrote:  “We  the people are the rightful masters of both congress and the courts  not to overthrow the Constitution, but to overthrow the men who pervert  the Constitution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Sadly, he may have been referring  only to the secessionist Southern states, since Lincoln never publicly  recognized secession as a Constitutional prerogative.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Destruction  or Reconstruction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lincoln appeared  to endeavor toward reforming de jure National Civil Government during  his terms as president. He was assassinated five days after the conflict  came to an armistice. Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s second term vice-president  and a Southern, Union political loyalist from Tennessee, took office  for the remainder of Lincoln’s (second) elected term.  Johnson  attempted to follow Lincoln’s reformation platform but he too was  unsuccessful in restoring de jure representative civil government.   President Johnson’s motives appear genuine, as part of the following  speech clarifies Reconstruction to military congress:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“It  is clear to my apprehension that the states lately in rebellion are  still members of the Nation Union.  When did they cease to be so?   The ‘ordinances of secession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; adopted by a portion . . . of their  citizens were mere nullities.  If we admit now that they were valid  and effectual for the purpose intended by their authors, we sweep from  under our feet the whole ground upon which we justified the war.   Were those States afterward expelled from the Union by the war? The  direct contrary we averred [affirmed] by this Government to be its purpose,  and was so understood by all those who gave blood and treasure to aid  in its prosecution.  It cannot be that a successful war, waged  for the preservation of the Union, had the legal effect of dissolving  it.  The victory of the nation’s arms was not the disgrace of  her policy; the defeat of secession on the battlefield was not the triumph  of its lawless principle . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(Marvin  Meyers, Alexander Kern, and John G. Cawelti,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;            &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sources of the American Republic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  vol II,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;            &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; [Chicago: Scott Foresman and Co.,  1961], pg. 22.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;It should be  obvious from President Johnson’s remarks that there were differing  opinions on Nation status of the Southern states.  Johnson and  his proponents claiming the South never left the Union and those in  opposition claiming rebellious Southern states no longer belonged to  the Union. Unfortunately, President Johnson did not have support required  to maintain his position and a military congress became this nation’s  great nightmare. Military congress imposed &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reconstruction&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  on the South.  President Johnson rejected the measure but his veto  was overridden by military congress.   Speaking to congress  again on July 2, 1867 Johnson asserted:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“The  veto of the original bill of the 2d March was based on two distinct  grounds, the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;interference of Congress in matters strictly appertaining  to the reserved powers of the states&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; and the&lt;b&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;establishment of military tribunals for the trial of citizens  in time of peace&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;            &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Bykofsky vs. Borough of Middleton,  D.C. Pa. 401 F.Supp. 1242-1250.    Also restated The Congressional  Record, June 13, 1967, pg. 16643.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Johnson makes  it very clear that the sitting military congress was no longer following  de jure Civil Constitutional restraints by interfering with reserved  Republic state legislative authority and in holding state Citizens responsible  to continuing Military law (Martial law) within Provost courts (trial  of civilians by military courts martial.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Radical Senator  Thaddeus Stevens, along with others, refused to seat Southern representatives  and passed various Reconstruction acts over presidential vetoes.   (In our Democracy, though the president is in charge, it is sometimes  politically expedient to acquiesce and remain popular with the masses  if continuing in political office is the goal. Reading from Senate Report  93-549, of 1973, Military congress recognizes that they share only co-power  with the president! However, it is uncertain that most sitting government  elements of the post ‘Civil War’ period fully realized what occurred  and affect of the changes.)  Southern state governments were in  shambles. A firm hand on the helm of nation state had not been reestablished,  a circumstance not long to remain in doubt!  One thing that did  not remain in doubt, the Reconstruction Acts permanently abridged the  constitutional rights of the Southern states and, eventually, the constitutional  rights of all states.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The President  following Johnson was Ulysses S. Grant, a military general.  Grant  extended &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reconstruction&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; on the South under continuing  Martial law, with the agreeing heavy hand of radical republican senators  and congressmen.  The several Southern States were kept under Martial  law with military governors appointed by the President (on approval  of military congress) until each rebellious state met requirements imposed  by the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Legislative Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the military government  of Washington, D.C.  Some Southern states were very defiant against  pressures exerted by dictatorial Military government and continued resisting  politically for years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Presidential  assigned Federal military governors &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;appointed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; representatives  to the rebellious Southern state’s legislative bodies. Southern sovereign  Citizens were not allowed to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;elect&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; representation of their  choosing.  This is against guarantees written in the Constitution!   The Federal military force had no authority to intervene in the several  states’ election process upon restored peace.  Nevertheless,  the dictatorial powers over the secessionist (Rebel) states continued  before and after armistice. De jure civil government no longer existed!  (Condensed from comments and documents presented by Louisiana Congressman  Rarick in the Congressional Record - House, June 13, 1967, pages 15642-15646.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The military,  advisory congress refused to accept credentials offered by Southern  representatives until tests were devised for secessionist states to  regain admittance to the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Union&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!  Under theory of military law, the rebellious  sovereign Citizens were common criminals.  Therefore, they had  no Rights!  (Congressional Record, Supra) When the states of Arkansas,  Louisiana and Tennessee were captured in 1862, Lincoln appointed military  commanders in place of de jure government.  Military congress would  not recognize congressional credentials from the submissive states or  count their electoral votes in the national elections of 1864. (&lt;i&gt;America:  A Narrative History&lt;/i&gt;, George Brown Tindall, W.W. Norton Co., New  York; 1988, Pg. 702.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;New Era  Emerging&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;What were the  legislators remaining in Washington during and after the civil conflict?  Who were they, or more important, what was their purpose?  De jure  civil government ceased to exist when Congress walked out Sine Die and  Lincoln issued his first Presidential Executive Order!  Congressional  civil authority was effectively usurped by the president.  The  President took charge of government (by virtue of &lt;i&gt;implied&lt;/i&gt; Executive  War Powers.)  For that matter, what was the purpose of the Supreme  Court?  The Supreme Court’s Constitutional civil functions dissolved  along with civil legislative congress. Were the remaining legislative  and judicial bodies merely a pretext of government? Under Martial law,  the President makes the rules!  Would an incomplete congress now  be only advisory? A Military advisory congress?  If so, the sitting  congress would be only a statutory law approving advisory arm of the  Military Executive Office of the President. All force of power within  congress pertaining to national matters remains in the ability to sway  public opinion for them and/or the president. (Look at the inside covers  of the United States Code books.  The index indicates Congress  now sits by &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Proclamation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, not by Constitutional authority!  Only offices of the President and Supreme Court remain Constitutional  under the codes.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Supreme  Court’s Common Law function dissolved with de jure civil government.  However, the Supreme Court has always worn more than one hat: Constitutional  Common Law Venue, Admiralty/Maritime International law Venue and Military  law Venue. The former de jure Supreme Court’s duties now became exclusively  Admiralty/Maritime and &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Codes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; of Military law. The court’s  assumed duties: 1.) Judicial oversight of the Military/Admiralty/Maritime  International laws passed by de facto military congress (as authorized  by the president.)  2.)  Prosecution of military members guilty  of breaking military law. And, 3.) Prosecution of civilians committing  civil/criminal offenses subject to military (Martial) law Venue. Doubt  it not!  Martial law (Military law) supersedes Constitutional Law  when a state of National Emergency exists.  Our Constitution becomes  merely &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; under Martial law/Martial rule!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Constitutional  Law may be returned by one of three methods, mentioned earlier in John  Locke’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil Essays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  No sitting President after  April 21, 1861 has proclaimed this nation returned to its rightful,  de jure Congressional legislative body!  If this assumption is  correct, there should be written, prima fascia evidence that the National  emergency still exists!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Washington,  D.C. is not a Common Law state.  It is a Legislative Democracy,  an international buffer zone in a Military/Admiralty/Maritime Venue.   (See: Bouvier’s Legal Dictionary, 1851 Ed., under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;State&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;:  ”8. The District of Columbia and the territorial districts of the  United States, are not states within the meaning of the constitution  and of the judiciary act, . . . 2 Cranch, 445; Wheat 91.”)  The  President, as Commander-in-Chief of the military, ascends to a position  of a military dictator upon declaring a National Emergency. The remnant  congress, no longer representing the people, becomes legislative military  advisors to the president!  Those remaining in (advisory) congress  now function to promote laws conducive to Military law and Admiralty/Maritime  International law.  The judiciaries’ arm of civil government  dissolves Common Law Venue (Article III) and moves to Military law and  Admiralty/Maritime International law.  The Supreme Court was eventually  perfected as an activist tribunal, &lt;i&gt;making&lt;/i&gt; statutory law.   Appointed for life under the constitution, supreme court justices are  insulated from the “voters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; and de facto congress to edict unpopular  legislation disguised as law using first one twisted pretext, then another.  (Remember, the Constitution is &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; under National emergency  conditions and can be manipulated at the will of the ruling power, the  commander-in-chief of the military, the president!)  Under Military  law, the President can bind Washington, D.C., federal enclaves and &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Territories&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Commercial Paper&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; debt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Much like the  Roman Empire, with an army and a majority of public support, Caesar  rules!  Now, what have we described?  Is this not majority  rule?  Is this not a&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;?  Martial  law can rule only through a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;! Keep this in mind  but remember: Constitutional authority of the District of Columbia only  extends over federal enclaves and Territorial possessions (The Federal  Zone) outside a national emergency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Trick or  Treaty&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Military  government of the District of Columbia, realizing its power, took steps  to deceive the people by working around legitimate limitations imposed  on government by the Constitution. Article 1, 8, Clause 17 was perverted  to give military government authority, “&lt;b&gt;To make all Laws&lt;/b&gt; .  . . &lt;b&gt;necessary&lt;/b&gt; . . . &lt;b&gt;and all other powers&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;vested&lt;/b&gt;  . . . &lt;b&gt;in the Government&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;of the United States&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;or in  any Department or Office thereof&lt;/b&gt;.” (Emphasis added.)  Under  Military and International law, deceit is legal! If the deceit is not  openly admitted, it does not constitute fraud under Military law!   Treaties, as an example, (Constitution, Article 3, 2 and Article 6,  2) are twisted to grant international authority greater than Constitutional  Law. No treaty was ever contemplated by the founding fathers to be superior  to the Constitution! We are reminded in their writings: Law not meeting  confines of Constitutional restriction is no law, it should not be obeyed.  “This court (Supreme Court) has regularly and uniformly recognized  the supremacy of the Constitution over a treaty.” (Reid v. Covert,  354 U.S. 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;17  [1956].)  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;And,  as Thomas Jefferson correctly surmised, "&lt;b&gt;If the treaty making  power is boundless, we have no Constitution&lt;/b&gt;." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Over  the years, however, Military government has forced this nation into  treaty after treaty, in spite of Supreme Court findings and constitutional  founders’ intent. Around the turn of the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Century,  treaty making began increasing and intensified during the Roosevelt  administration of the thirties and forties. Treaties currently dominate  national legislation. Past and present treaties are conveyances used  by government to mire the American people into a false hope of global  peace and world prosperity through cooperative, international effort.  Treaties have given birth to powerful government agencies such as: SSA,  IRS, BATF, FBI, EPA, HEW, OSHA, NAFTA, GATT and a myriad of Non-constitutional  lawmaking, population controlling, ever burgeoning bureaucratic central  government organizations. Treaties have compromised the sovereignty  of this nation and its people!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Examining the  above statement, let us deviate a moment and touch on the Administrative  Procedures Act (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Law enacted in 1946 [60] Statute  237, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;5  U.S.C.A.) All the several States have subsequently passed variations  of this federally legislated mandate and now operate almost exclusively  through provisions &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;legislated&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; there under. This non-constitutional  law allows various legislative agencies, Federal and State, to promulgate  administrative rule-making and proceedings outside government’s constitutional  constraints. Administrative Procedures and rules operate under the power  of contracts and authorize non-government employees, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persons&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  are brought before ministerial rather than judicial hearings. One obvious  example of an administrative law hearing is the simple traffic violation.  A perpetrator is brought before an administrative law magistrate and  fined (taxed) for breaking traffic rule(s) promulgated by &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;legislated  law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Although the procedure has the appearance of legitimate,  positive Law it is not a judicial hearing. Under Administrative Procedure  the law is whatever the magistrate says the law is. Citizens are bound  to the proceedings under contract by license. Obtaining a driver’s  license requires a person to certain tests and signing a contract obligating  oneself to the rules and regulations created outside government’s  constitutional authority.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;We will not  extrapolate further at this time, as Administrative Procedures are a  subject within itself greater than this essay. However, certain definitions  from Black’s Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Edition, within the glossary  are at the end of this paper, please read for content. This subject  will be dealt  with in depth at a later time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Constitution  of the United States of America is, in itself, a treaty agreement between  the several states, state Citizens and the Nation Union. In 1872, the  military government &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;incorporated&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to become the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;United  States&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and, subsequently, incorporated all of the several states.   However, government cannot arbitrarily incorporate sovereign Citizens.   Unenfranchised Individuals have inalienable/unalienable Rights derived  from GOD.  Government is derived from “We the people. “   Therefore, we, individually, through right of succession have an expectation  of Constitutional Rights.  Constitutional inalienable/unalienable  rights cannot be sold or taken away by government but may be subject  to the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;law of contracts&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;10, par.1) through &lt;u&gt;individual&lt;/u&gt;  treaty agreement. Oversight of government is the people’s responsibility.   The people agreed to allow government certain powers by ratifying (approving)  Republic state Constitutions and a National Constitution for the Union  of States. The Constitution of the united States of America has parameters  authorizing limited authority to government granted &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;by&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  the people, not privileges granted &lt;b&gt;to&lt;/b&gt; the people by government!   It will become clear that “We the people,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; collectively, gave up only limited  Rights to government! Martial law government cannot restore the Constitution  or Lawful Republics. That power resides only with the nation’s inhabitants.  This nation’s constitutional restrictions were intended to hold government  in check (within the body of the document and, specifically, at Amendments  IX and X, no matter how they may be flawed!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Empowerment  of the IX and X Amendments (prohibiting encroachment by nation governments  on individual Rights and states Rights) leaned heavily upon the Constitution  at Art. 1,  3, Par. 1: “The Senate of the United States shall  be composed of two senators from each state &lt;u&gt;chosen by the legislature  thereof&lt;/u&gt;, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.”   (Emphasis added.)  Original intent was state control over senators,  thus insuring against legislative encroachment on individual Rights  by central government. The senators were to be the ”watch dogs”  on the state legislatures’ leash, protecting independent Republic  states.  The bands of our complex Constitutional Republic unraveled  with “Lincoln’s War.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  Constitutional Republics’  last threads are severed when military congress adopted the 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;  Amendment on May 31, 1913, thus allowing election of this nation’s  senators by popular vote. America was now a full fledged majority rule  nation, a Democracy! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;From the last  few paragraphs certain conclusions may be drawn.  Namely, Democracy  in America equates to: Military legislative government (of the District  of Columbia, the territories, and federal enclaves); Martial law equates  to Military law; Military law can mean Martial rule or Municipal law  (Roman Civil law) with the military’s presence in the background.   Military law authority is limited (Constitution: Amendments IX and X)  over the several states and all individual sovereign Citizens.   However, states are restricted from impairing the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Obligations  of&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Contracts&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;10, Par. 1.)  This is a very important  point!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;After hostilities  ceased in 1865, a military presence remained in control of the secessionist  states throughout &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reconstruction&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (approximately&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;1862 through the 1880s), the continuing emergency.   With time, a more benign form of Martial law was introduced as&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Municipal law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (military in the background.)  Municipal law recognizes only Military  rules, regulation and law!  Municipal law continues Military Venue  under Military law jurisdiction. If you have doubt, the U.S. Military  Manual for Courts Martial contains more than one hundred pages devoted  to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Municipal Infractions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Admiralty/Maritime  Venue is international and its rules (laws) are also enforceable by  the military.  Municipal, County and State legislative statute  law (Roman Civil law) imposes criminal penalties on civilian violators.   Monetary penalties (with criminal consequences) are construed as collection  of war reparations to repay international bank loans made to the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Domestic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;United States&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (the District of Columbia. See: United States Code, Title 26 [IRS Codes]  for the definition of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Domestic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.)  Is it different  today?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Eventually,  the sitting national legislative body (military congress) had its way  with the South.  Certain requirements were imposed on the secessionist  states (The Wade-Davis Bill, July 1864.)  Each state was &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; compelled&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to rewrite their Constitutions along specified military  congress guidelines. Individuals connected with the secessionist government  or military of the Confederacy were disallowed election to public office,  along with State specific draconian requirements.  Note: Congress  is given express Constitutional authority to examine elected representatives’  credentials before they could or would be seated (Article I, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;5,  Par.1.)  However, Congress was never authorized dictatorial authority  over state constitutions except they conform to limits imposed within  the Constitution for the (u)nited States of America.  Aim of the  radical Military congress was to press punishment on Southern states  and inhabitants therein! Military Congress converted the secessionist  states to Territories!  Readmittance to the union was predicated  upon rewriting state Constitutions along Military Congress assigned  guidelines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;With time,  all rebellious Southern states legally &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;joined issue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; with  the ruling Military congress of Washington, D.C.  States that remained  in the Union during the conflict were also jointly subject to Martial  law rule. The National Emergency was continued!  However, the nation’s  inhabitants were not &lt;u&gt;publicly&lt;/u&gt; notified! (Lieber Codes, Article  I.)  Consequently, all of the several states fell under authority  of the legislative Democracy of the District of Columbia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;The Tax  Man Cometh&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"Congress  has not unlimited powers to provide for the General&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Welfare  but only those specifically enumerated." --Thomas Jefferson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A thorough  reading of the Buck Act, legislated in 1940, with definitions at Title  31, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Codes of Federal Regulations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Chapter 1, make it clear  there are &lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;two&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; local governments within all of the several  states: De jure Republic state government and de facto State of   . . . government! Or, as J. Edgar Hoover succinctly states at page &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; vii&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in his book, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Masters of Deceit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;  “. . . never forget the very definition of the communist party is  a state within a state.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  4 U.S.C. 110(d), defines ’&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;State’ &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  as,  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;any Territory or possession of the United States&lt;/i&gt;.”&lt;/b&gt;  It therefore becomes undeniable that a fictional Federal “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;state  within a state”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; was created with the Buck Act. (Howard   v. Commissioners of Sinking Fund, 344 U.S. 624; 73 S.Ct. 465, 476; Schwartz  v. O’Hara TP. School Dist., 100 A.2d. 621, 625; 375 Pa. 440. [See  also, 31 C.F.R. Part 51.2, identifying a fictional “state within a  state”].) De jure Republic states cannot be removed constitutionally;  However, they can be forced to go dormant! (John Locke, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil  Essays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;i&gt;Sine Die&lt;/i&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Under 4 U.S.C.   105 - 110, the Buck Act, State and other taxing authority can collect  income tax from employees of the federal government working in federal  areas.  “Income Tax,” as defined under the Buck Act, is ”&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;any  tax levied on, with respect to, or measured by, net income, gross income,  or gross receipts.” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (4 U.S.C.  110; see also, City of  New Orleans v. Scramuzza, 507 So.2d 215 [La. 1987].) Our courts further  convey, “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Irrespective of what tax is called by state law, if  its purpose is to produce revenue, it is income tax or receipts tax  under the Buck Act (4 U.S.C.  105 - 110.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;) (Humble Oil  &amp;amp; Refining Co. v. Calvert, 464 SW2d.170  (1971); affd. (Tex.)  487 SW2d. 926, cert. Den. 409  U.S. 967; 34 L.Ed2d. 234; 93 S.Ct.  293.) The United States Supreme Court commented,  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;(W)hen Congress  has wished to allow a State to exercise jurisdiction to levy certain  taxes &lt;u&gt;within a federal enclave&lt;/u&gt; it has specifically so stated,  as in the Buck Act, 4 U.S.C.  105-110.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The Supreme Court  also stated, “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Buck Act was enacted by Congress in 1940 to  enable the states to impose certain taxes including  ‘income taxes’ &lt;u&gt;within federal enclaves&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (MTR Explore. v. McNamara, 648 So2d. 1108, quoting Wagoner, 376 U.S.  374, 84 S.Ct. 860-861.) At 106(a) of the Buck Act, we are also informed:   “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;No &lt;u&gt;person&lt;/u&gt; shall be relieved from liability for any income  tax levied by any &lt;u&gt;State&lt;/u&gt;, or by any duly constituted taxing authority,  &lt;u&gt;having jurisdiction&lt;/u&gt; to levy such tax,  &lt;u&gt;by reason of his residing within a Federal area&lt;/u&gt; or receiving  income from transactions occurring or services performed in such area;  and such State or taxing authority shall have full jurisdiction and  power to levy and collect such tax in any Federal area within such State  to the same extent and with the same effect as though such area was  not a Federal area&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;  (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;We must realize  that the seat of national government, Washington, D.C., was given certain  taxing authority as operating capital (tariffs and the sale of public  land.)  However, national government was prohibited from imposing  direct taxes on sovereign Citizens, other than through state apportionment  (Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8,  par.1, ”. . . all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout  the United States . . .”  and Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;9, par. 4, ”. . . No Capitation,  or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the Census  or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.” (See also: Brushaber  v. Union Pacific, 240 U.S. 1 [1915.] The rule of apportionment still  applies to direct taxation. The 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment did not give  congress any new taxing authority over the states!)   Without  question, Constitutional National Government was to come into very limited  contact with sovereign Citizens, individually.  Again, the Constitution  is not a treaty governing control of Citizens of the several states!   (“&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our system of government, based upon the individuality and  intelligence of the citizen, the state does not claim to control him,  except as his conduct to others, leaving him the sole judge as to all  that affects himself&lt;/i&gt;.” &lt;/b&gt; Mugler v. Kansas 123 U.S. 623, 659-660.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The legal Venue  between the District of Columbia and the several states &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;is&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  very different. Going to Title 26 U.S.C. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;C, Chapter 21 (Social Security Tax  Act) of the Internal Revenue Code, sub chapter A, subtitle c, at sections  3101 through 3510, examine the following: 3121(e) &lt;b&gt;State&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;United  States&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;b&gt;Citizen&lt;/b&gt;. For purposes of this chapter - 3121(e)(1)   “&lt;b&gt;State&lt;/b&gt;: The term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia,  the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American  Samoa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Further, at 3121(e)(2), “&lt;b&gt;United  States&lt;/b&gt; - The term ‘United States’ &lt;u&gt;when used in a geographical  sense&lt;/u&gt; includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands,  Guam, and American Samoa. An individual who is a &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;citizen&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (but not otherwise a &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;citizen&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  of the United States) shall be considered, for purposes of this section,  as a &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;citizen&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt; of the United States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; This spells out very specific and  limited jurisdiction. Congress has exclusive constitutional authority  to make all laws over those areas within their jurisdiction (Washington,  D.C., the Territories and federal enclaves. See Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8  of the Constitution; see also: Caha v. U.S., 152 U.S. 211, and Downes  v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244, (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Constitutional restrictions and  limitations&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; were not applicable to the area of lands, enclaves,  territories and possessions over which Congress has exclusive legislative  authority.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; [Emphasis added.]  Unless any  law passed by congress adheres strictly to Constitutional limitations,  it has no force and effect within the fifty individual states!   (See: U.S. v. Lopez, 115 5. CT.1624 [1995.]  The Supreme Court  ruled a law applicable in Washington, D.C. was not applicable in San  Antonio, Texas, because it did not adhere and conform to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Constitutional  restrictions&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.) Congress cannot make law over the fifty states  unless it complies with the Constitution. Notwithstanding, legal maneuvering  by Military congress pulled the several states under a national corporate  umbrella (vis-à-vis, The Buck Act.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;At the time  of ‘Lincoln’s War,’ Military law and Admiralty/Maritime International  law governed the District of Columbia and &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;commercial&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; activities  between the several states and foreign entities.  Civil Common  Law regulated activities within and between Citizens of the several  states.  Debt could be incurred by Washington (Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8,  par.2) but the limiting factor assumed a pragmatic, de jure Representative &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Civil&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Government acting prudently and responsibly for the nation’s  people. In other words, de jure civil Congress was expected to stay  within its financial capability; However, if congress fell into debt,  actions by government officials were bound to performance by an &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; independent treasury&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!  An independent treasury was also  intended (?) as the debt-limiting factor on central government through  de jure congressional oversight. National government could not sell  or mortgage that to which it did not hold legitimate title!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Years before  Southern secession, Northern industrial interests began benefiting from  heavy taxation imposed by Congress on the import/export of raw material  and finished goods moving in and out of Southern ports. This inequity  was a primary factor leading to secession by some Southern states (principally,  South Carolina.)  Lincoln was fully aware that almost three-fourths  of the Nation Union operating revenues came from tariffs imposed on  shipping within Southern ports. Removing these revenues from national  government control would dramatically affect overall financial capability  of the remaining states and Union government.  The several states  were responsible for the District of Columbia’s debts only to the  extent of assets available in the&lt;b&gt;  &lt;i&gt;independent treasury&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; and as allowed by de jure Congress, no further. A national disruption,  internal strife, drastically changed the congress, the nations’ debt  structure and the nations’ financial responsibility for the Union  of states.  However, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal United States&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; deficit  debt does not roll onto the several de jure states from legislation  enacted by de facto (military) congress! An individual Citizen’s responsibility  for legislative actions taken by Washington, D.C. in creating deficit  debt is a perceived notion fostered by government and put into effect  through deception of the people.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Roman civil  law relies entirely on unilateral/bilateral (implied) contracts. This  is where one party agrees by the simple act of accepting a benefit from  government. In other words, the individual has something offered to  him that he accepts - usually an economic or merchantable benefit. The  act of acceptance, with or without a signature, comes with strings of  compelled performance attached. This is because the very act of voluntary  acceptance (your silence) implies your endorsement. The implied endorsement  creates a constructive trust arrangement with government for your assumed  benefit.(A constructive trust is based upon inferred or presumed intent  of a property owner, as distinguished from a trust based on intent,  which is directly or clearly expressed. A constructive trust is a remedial  device of the court of equity for taking property from one who has acquired  or retained it wrongfully and vesting title in another in order to prevent  unjust enrichment. It is not based on intent of the parties, but rather  is created by the court in order to achieve an equitable result. This  is precisely what the IRS or any other authority does. They construct  a trust, based on your silence, under executive and legislative authority  to prevent unjust enrichment upon its 14th Amendment beneficiaries.)  This means the trust becomes the third party who can dictate the Statutes,  Codes and laws by its legislature and we are compelled to align our lives  with them, because we silently volunteer. After accepting some benefit  under Roman civil law, you discover the hidden strings that you do not  like. Tough luck!  You are bound to perform or suffer the consequence  of those holding the strings. If you wrong the trust that you are involved  with, you are assumed guilty and the burden of proving innocence is  on you. Your responsibility, under Roman civil law, is to jump! The civil  administrator and their courts merely tell you how high! The Roman civil law  is a perversion of private conscience law because it places the private  conscience of one over the private consciences of the masses. And it  is done without disclosure of your bilateral contract. This allows government  to be a superior entity over the citizen, binding him in constructive trust  arrangements. This is why there is no separation of power.  There  is only one power, government! The people are subservient because they  are involved in a constructive trust that controls their conscience,  and they are not even aware of it!  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"But,  indeed, no private person has a right to complain, by suit in court,  on the ground of a breach of the Constitution. The Constitution it is  true, is a compact, but he is not a party to it." (Padelford, Fay  &amp;amp; Co., vs. Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah 14 Ga. 438,  520.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;At our nation’s  Constitutional inception, the power succession was thus: The party of  the first part, ”We the People.” Moreover, Party of the second part,  government.  The Federal United States usurped authority away from  “We the People” and the several states.  The succession is  now: Federal United States, party of the first part. The &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal  Reserve Bank&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, party of the second part!  Imagine who pay  the bills?!  Doesn’t the Bible tell us the debtor is a slave  to the lender? (Proverbs 22:7)  When a nation goes bankrupt, it  loses the Right to own &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;property&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and it loses its &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!  If this is true in America, then there must be some  outward indication exhibiting this effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Note: Black’s  Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed., page 1216: “&lt;b&gt;Property&lt;/b&gt; embraces  everything which is or may be the subject of ownership, whether a legal  ownership, or whether a beneficial, or a private ownership . . . &lt;u&gt; within constitutional protection, denotes group of rights inhering in  citizen’s relation to physical things, as right to possess, use and  disposes of it.” &lt;/u&gt; Notice that this definition is very careful  to avoid the words, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;own or ownership&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. The federal civil  government (de jure Congress) was given fiduciary responsibility for  Public Property to hold in trust for the people (Constitution, Article  4, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;3,  Par.2.)  Public and private land ownership is, in itself, an issue  at length equal to or greater than this paper.  Suffice to say  that the American people are deceived to believe a warranty deed transfers  ownership of land.  In truth, he who holds the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Land Patent&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  owns the land, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;allodially&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  However, there are provisions  attached to even Land Patents held by individuals.  At best, most  holders of land interests in America are reduced to mere user!   Put another way, if you truly believe land held in title is owned by  you; try not paying the tax bill and see how long it takes government  to retrieve their claim.  Lawyers will not/cannot help you! (“A  deed that purports to convey interest in the land is a ‘color of title.’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  Hinckley v. Green, 52 Ill. 223 [1869] and,  “‘color of title’  is that which in appearance is title but in reality is no title.”  Wright v. Mattison, 18 How. [U.S.] 50.)  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"The  right of traffic or the transmission of property, as an absolute inalienable  right, is one which has never existed since governments were instituted,  and never can exist under government." (Wynehamer vs. The People.  13 N.Y. Rep.378, 481.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;   Do you own your car?  Who holds the automobile manufacturer’s  papers of origin?  Is your automobile titled and licensed in the  state where you live?  In Arkansas, look under Trusts and Estates  statutes. For whom is the government acting as fiduciary?  It is  not, We the people!  Thus, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"The  ultimate ownership of all property is in the State: individual so-called  ‘ownership’ is only by virtue of Government, i.e. law amounting  to mere user; and use must be in accordance with law and subordinate  to the necessities of the State.” Senate Document No. 43, 73rd Congress  1st Session. (Brown v. Welch) You own no Property because you are a  slave but you are worse off than a slave because you are also a debtor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Quod ab initio  non valet, in tractu temporis non convalescere-- What is not good in the  beginning cannot be rendered good by time. Most of this nations’ problems  stem from our monetary system. Paper or fiat money issued by the Federal  Reserve System (Bank) is not legal tender under the Constitution. Script  (paper money) is not gold or silver, nor is U.S. Script now backed by  gold or silver. We are not allowed to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;pay&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; debt!  We are only allowed to &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;discharge&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; debt under bankruptcy.  The people cannot hold absolute title to anything under our national  bankruptcy! The reason?  There is no Constitutional Legal Tender currently  circulating within this country! All property belongs to the Military  government, including your earnings! Although, the Commander-in-Chief,  may exempt some property for &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;use&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; by those conquered  at his pleasure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Military  power - Military law&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Remembering  Municipal law, mentioned above, we find proof of a military presence  in local affairs by examining another issue: The American Flag!   We pledge allegiance to the Flag and the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Republic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; for  which it stands. How often do we hear &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Republic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; mentioned  nowadays by our politicians?  Yet we hear democracy, democracy,  democracy preached to the rooftops by these same &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persons&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.   Do they not know and understand the difference?  Some probably  don’t! However, proof of the difference has stood in our face for  many, many years.  The American Flag of Peace (the original American &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; banner&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;) is different from flags which stand in locations subject  to Executive Military law authority. Again, we go to the public records.   What we find explains a great deal; Although, the average citizen is  mostly clueless about adornments to the flag and what they distinguish.  In the Federal Register, at 24 F.R. 6865, United States Code, Title  4, Chapter 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;1,2,3,  and at Executive Order 10834, we find the following: ”&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Military  flag is a flag that resembles the regular flag of the United States,  except it has a Yellow Fringe border on three sides.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;”&lt;/i&gt;   At Army Regulation 260-10 (established under Executive Order by President  Dwight D. Eisenhower) we find this statement: ”&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;the flag is trimmed  on three sides with a Fringe of Gold, 2-1/2 inches wide&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,”&lt;/i&gt;  and that ”&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;such flags are flown, indoors, only&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;in&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;military courtrooms”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and, ”&lt;i&gt;(&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;T)he  Gold Fringed Flag is not to be carried by anyone except units of the  United States Army, and United States Army division associations”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (see Army Regulation 840-10.)  The United States Attorney General  rendered this opinion on the flag (Ops. Atty. Gen. 483 at 485): “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  placing of a fringe on the national flag, the dimensions of the flag  and the arrangement of the stars in the union are matters of detail  not controlled by statue, but are within the discretion of  &lt;u&gt;the President as Commander-in-Chief&lt;/u&gt; of the Army and Navy . .  . ancient custom sanctions the use of fringe on regimental colors and  standards, but there seems to be no good reason or precedent for its  use on other flags . . .”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Thus, a gold fringed flag,  often seen upon a staff or flagpole topped with a gold eagle, spear  point or sphere, or a flag with gold streamers or tassels, is not the  lawful, official flag of our Nation!  Why does the United States  Military flag fly superior above all state flags?  History reports  this was not a standard occurrence in this country before 1933!   The books of heraldry reveal a flag on a pole is &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;public notice&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  of an army on the march, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Martial law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;! Why does a fringed  or adorned flag stand on a pole in all Federal, State, County and City  Government courts if they are not provost Military Courts?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;On May 7, 1996,  the front page of Wenatchee, Washington’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Valley Daily News&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  carried a story concerning a defendant’s refusal to enter the bar  of municipal court unless the judge removed the gold-fringed American  flag from the courtroom.  Traffic Court judge Carol Wendell then  admitted that she “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;. . . would protect his rights under the  War Powers Act of 1933 . . . but she would not change the flag in the  courtroom.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Judge Wendell conceded the &lt;i&gt;law&lt;/i&gt; by  which she is guided.  The judge publicly and honestly admitted  that inferior municipal courts are under Military law rule and legal  actions held there are summary courts-martial proceedings against civilians!   Traffic courts are, in reality, collecting war reparations from belligerents  in the field under authority of the Commander-in-Chief, the President  of the United States!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A People  in Jeopardy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Our Constitution  is a codicil to the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;lex non scripta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, The Declaration of  Resolve, The Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation.  The Articles of Confederation contained a single legislative branch  of government, also acting in executive and judicial capacity. However,  it was quickly discovered that these three elements needed to be independent  and required a forth element for perfecting an internationally recognized  Representative Republican Government.  Namely, government required  an &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Independent Treasury&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Some of this information was  obtained through efforts of ambassadors Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin  Franklin during their journeys and meetings with the government heads  of Europe.  Internationally, a treasury is required to bond actions  of government officials. America government officials could not be bound  to national and/or international agreements or instances involving treaty  or commerce without a treasury.  Bonding of officials is required  to guarantee performance.  Therefore, a nation’s people and/or  foreign interests can hold public officials responsible for their actions  under National and International law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;American Common  Law does not recognize Admiralty/Maritime law and vise-versa.   The several state Constitutions subscribed to the Common Law.   The several states could not successfully trade internationally since  they would often be trading Gold (substance) for Script (commercial  paper.)  This was untenable since the trading partners would not  be equally yoked.  An independent treasury buffered the several  states in commerce with foreign nations through currency exchange and  bonding capabilities. The Constitution for the (u)nited States of America  actually perfected the District of Columbia as a seat of four part national  government and an international buffer zone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;When invasion,  rebellion or insurrection ceases, the President (as dictator under the  War Powers) can continue Washington, D.C., the territories and federal  enclaves in a state of emergency.  Washington, D.C. is a separate  state with Congressional Jurisdiction over those areas, Washington,  D.C., the territories, and areas within the several states ceded over  or sold to The Federal United States and under that district’s legal  Venue/Jurisdiction (federal enclaves.)  The District of Columbia,  the territories and United States possessions could be continued as  a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;war zone&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; by the President, Commander-in-Chief of the  Military.  The Federal Authority of Washington, D.C., however,  does not extend over the several states and their inhabitants. Even  so, Military Congress recognized that inhabitants in the war zone could  be &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;compelled&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to pay taxes (The Buck Act.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;When congress  attempted to extend power over the several states after the Civil War,  the Supreme Court struck down their act under Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;9,  par.4 of the (u)nited States Constitution.  (Remember Bouvier’s  Law Dictionary definition of &lt;i&gt;state&lt;/i&gt;, above.)   The Supreme  Court ruled it was legal to tax corporations (artificial creations of  government [entities]) but individual state Citizens (&lt;b&gt;S&lt;i&gt;overeigns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;)  were prohibited from direct taxation. The 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment  (not adopted but&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Enacted&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; July 28, 1868) created  Federal citizenship (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;1) and adjusted the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Civil War debt superior to all other debt (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;4.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Under 1 of  the dubious 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment, Federal citizens (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persons&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;)  have only government legislated, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;privileges&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;:  &lt;/i&gt; no Rights!  Therefore, Federal citizens have no &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Persona&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Standi in Judicio&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (no personal Rights at law in the courts.  They cannot sue their government!)  Legally, &lt;i&gt;Person&lt;/i&gt; means  an artificial or &lt;b&gt;enfranchised&lt;/b&gt; entity or corporation.  This  is quite different from being &lt;b&gt;unenfranchised&lt;/b&gt;.  Reading from &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Hale&lt;/i&gt; v. &lt;i&gt;Henkel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; 201 US 43 (1905): ”&lt;i&gt;All government does and provides legitimately  is in pursuit of its &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;duty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; to provide protection  for &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;private rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; (Wynhamer v. People, 13 NY 378),  which duty is a &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;debt owed to the creator&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;We the people&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; and the private &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Unenfranchised&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;individual&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;which debt&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;  and duty is never extinguished nor discharged, and &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;is perpetual&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  No matter what the government/state  provides for us in manner of convenience and safety, &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;the Unenfranchised individual owes nothing to the government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.”&lt;/i&gt;   The Court then goes on to say&lt;i&gt;, "The individual may stand upon  his constitutional rights as a citizen. He is  entitled to carry on his own private business in his own way. His power  to contract is unlimited. He owes no duty to the State or to his neighbors  to divulge his business, or to open his doors to an investigation, so  far as it may tend to incriminate him.  He owes no such duty to the State, since he receives nothing there-from,  beyond the protection of his life and property. His rights are such  as existed by &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;the law of the land&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; long antecedent  to the organization of the State. ... He owes nothing to the public so  long as he does not trespass upon their rights." &lt;/i&gt; (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Unenfranchised  individuals may be called &lt;b&gt;Sovereign&lt;/b&gt; and are recognized as such  by the Supreme Court.  At 1 USCS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;1, n12, we find: &lt;b&gt;--Sovereign as  a “person” &lt;/b&gt;In common usage, &lt;u&gt;term &lt;/u&gt; &lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;person&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt; does not include the sovereign&lt;/u&gt;,  and statutes employing it will ordinarily not be construed to do so.   United States &lt;i&gt;v.&lt;/i&gt; United Mine Workers (1947) US 258, 91 L Ed 884;  67 S Ct 677; 19 BNA LRRM 2346; 12 CCH LC &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; 51239.  Whether state is &lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;person&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;” &lt;/b&gt; within meaning of federal statute or rule depends upon legislative environment  of USCS Rules of Civil Procedure.  Rule 14, clearly indicated intendment  to reach sovereign states, &lt;u&gt;states are &lt;/u&gt; &lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;person&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;” &lt;/b&gt;under rule.  Williams &lt;i&gt;v&lt;/i&gt;  United States (1967, SD NY) 42 FRD 609, 11 FR Serv 2d 194. Obviously,  there is more than one Citizen status!  Enfranchised individuals  (&lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;persons&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;”&lt;/b&gt;) fall under the same statutes as  States, whereas, Unenfranchised individuals do not!  Read carefully  what the corporate United States government has done with the several  states. By incorporating and interpreting the several states as &lt;b&gt;“&lt;/b&gt;&lt;u&gt;persons,&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;” &lt;/b&gt; once Republic states are now government created (State of) corporations!  Note: a study of the English language clearly shows only the first letter  is capitalized when referring to a specific person, place or thing.  The word &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;State&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; refers to a specific, in this case, an  artificial created entity, a thing (thing, in law, is called, &lt;b&gt;res&lt;/b&gt;,  see: Black’s Law, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed.) Whereas, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;state&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  is a general noun referring to a nonspecific class of persons, places  or things.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Corporate  Persons&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;As early as 1782,  Jefferson told Monroe that it was ridiculous to suppose that a man should  surrender himself to the state. This would be slavery, and not the liberty,  which the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bill of Rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; has made inviolable, for the preservation  of which our government was changed, changed from the Roman civil law  to the American Common Civil Law. (Ruling Case Law, Vol. 5, Section  II, &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Adoption of English Common Law in America&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;."&lt;/i&gt;)   Jefferson continued saying, &lt;u&gt;that liberty&lt;/u&gt; would be destroyed anytime  there is, “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.... the establishment of the opinion that the state  has a perpetual right to the services of all its members.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;  (Jefferson to Monroe, May 20, 1782, &lt;i&gt;Jefferson Papers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;  IX&lt;/i&gt;,  Boyd Edition, p.380, and excerpts from Gordon S. Wood’s  book,  &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Creation of The American Republic,&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;1776-1787&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,"&lt;/i&gt; [1969], p. 610.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The term &lt;i&gt; "&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;that liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt; to which Jefferson  refers is Public Law for private purposes and &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;that liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;  is self-evident and comes before the State and is opposite to &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;the Blessings  of Liberty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt; in the preamble to the Constitution, which  is commercial. (Freytag v. C.I.R., 111 S.Ct. 2631 [1991].) Lincoln obviously  understood the truth to which Jefferson was referring.  In an 1859  letter to H.  L. Pierce, Lincoln wrote: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"All honor to  Jefferson - to the man who, in the concrete pressure of a struggle for  national independence by a single people, had the coolness, forecast,  and capacity to introduce into a merely revolutionary document, an abstract  truth, and so to embalm it there, that today and in all coming days,  it shall be a rebuke and a stumbling block to the very harbingers of  reappearing tyranny and oppression."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Interestingly, Lincoln  sprung the trap that eventually turned Citizens into government created  corporations, “artificial &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persons&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Corporations  are creatures of the State.  They are presumed to be incorporated  for the benefit of the public. Corporations receive certain special  privileges and franchises, which they hold, subject to the laws of the  State and the limitations of their charters. Its "privileges"  to act as a corporation are only preserved while it obeys the laws of  its creation.  (See: &lt;i&gt;Bouviers Law Dictionary&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;wbr&gt; 1914, p.684 -  697.) It (the State) is a “person” in the eyes of the law but it  lacks character, no morals, no conscience. Its every activity must be  directed and supervised by the State. Under the definition of "Due Process  of Law,” &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bouviers Law Dictionary&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/b&gt; states in part 97.1, The liberty guaranteed in the Constitution is that  of a &lt;i&gt;natural person&lt;/i&gt; and not of &lt;i&gt;artificial persons&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Western Turf  Assn. V. Greenberg&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, 204 U.S.359) where it also says, &lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;a corporation  cannot be deemed a Citizen within the meaning of the clause of the Constitution  of the United States which protects the privileges and immunities of Citizens  of the United States against being abridged or impaired by the law of  a state.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"&lt;/i&gt; [See also, 203 U.S. 243].)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Note what the  39&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Congress (1866) &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;enacted&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; during  the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; session, at Chapter 31: “&lt;i&gt;. . . all persons born  in the United States and &lt;u&gt;not subject to any foreign power&lt;/u&gt;, excluding  Indians not; taxed, are hereby &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;declared&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; to be citizens of the United States&lt;/i&gt;  . . .&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;(and)&lt;i&gt; shall have the same &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;right &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;(privileges)&lt;i&gt;, in every State and Territory of  the United States.&lt;/i&gt;”  Then, at Title XXV (Civil Rights Legislation  [1873-1874]), in Section 1999, we are advised: Citizenship in &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; foreign&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; states [the several States in the Union] "&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  . . should be promptly and finally disavowed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;." Here, the  people are instructed to give up their &lt;i&gt;Rights&lt;/i&gt; as State Citizen  Electors to become government legislated, franchised Voters!  The  government “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;declared&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;” the people to be citizens of  the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;franchised&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; United States (Washington, D.C.), and obedient  servants (slaves) to the congressional legislative democracy!   These acts perpetuated by congress appear to be Treasonous under the  Constitution!  (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;If you are  an Unenfranchised individual (sovereign) then who are &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal  citizens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (“persons”) inhabiting the war zone? Citizens in  the several states were not given wide spread public notice that the  war zone was continued after the Civil War, until 1933. There were many  indications that the emergency was on going but no general, public declarations.  Several sets of conditions were eventually created which invited the  nation’s sovereign Citizens (Unenfranchised individuals) into the  war zone; However, they had to come into the war zone &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;voluntarily,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Waivers of Constitutional Rights, not only must be voluntary,  they must be knowingly intelligent acts, done with sufficient awareness  of the relevant circumstances and consequences&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;”  Brady &lt;i&gt; v&lt;/i&gt; U.S. 397 U.S. 742-748 [1970].)  &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Security&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (International Labor Organizations Treaty of 1935) plus the Social Security  Act (of August 14, 1935, c.531, 49 Stat 620, 42 U. S. C., c.7, [Supp.])  and the loan of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Debt Credit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to the states during the depression  (1929-1942) created this circumstance. You had to be a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;government  employee&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to be eligible to receive proceeds from the International  Monetary Fund debt credit, a government benefit!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Social Security  is the conveyance that creates a maritime treaty covenant through consent  on a personal basis by individuals. Signing up for Social Security is  asking for a benefit from the Military Government of Washington, D.C.   The tax created in the war zone then attaches to the requesting “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;person&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;”  no matter in which of the several States they live or work “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.  . . Who would believe the ironic truth, that the cooperative taxpayer  fares much worse than the individual who relies upon his constitutional  rights&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;” U.S. &lt;i&gt;v&lt;/i&gt; Dickerson, 413 F 2d. 1111, 1969.)   The treaty does not violate inalienable rights!  The purpose of  the treaty is to change an imperfect right of government into a perfect  Right.  Under International law, government cannot &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;compel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  individuals to come into the war zone.  It must be done voluntarily.   (“&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Because of what appears to be a lawful command on the surface,  many Citizens, because of respect for the law, are cunningly coerced  into waiving their rights, due to ignorance&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;”  US.vs.Minker,  350 U.S. 179, 187&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;) Unfortunately, the law works in reverse!  Social Security is not a benefit to the individual but a benefit to  government!  The Social Security number waives individual inalienable  rights for entering into an&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;International law contract&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; granting authority to the District  of Columbia to bring the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;corporate person&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; into an international  law Maritime Court (Federal Court) if he fails to perform under his  treaty agreement!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Law of War,  Imperial Government, Military Rule, etc., is &lt;b&gt;de facto &lt;/b&gt; (having only an appearance of legitimacy.) De facto government replaces  existing rule of Law when a nation is conquered or the legitimate government  is replaced by a foreign State. Under Roman Civil law, inhabitants of  a conquered nation were redefined as fictitious entities termed &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; persona&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; Since fictional entities have no voice of their  own, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;advocates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; were required to speak for the newly&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; created&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;novation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;  In today’s America,  we call the advocate, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;lawyer&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;attorney&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Hiring a lawyer assigns Power of Attorney to the advocate acting on  behalf of the accused. The accused are then considered &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;non compos  mentis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (mentally defective, incompetent) before the court! Proverbs  11:15 warns, “He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it:  and he that hath suretiship is sure.” In America, flesh and blood  become surety for the government &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;novation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the fictitious  person (a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Straw man&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Subsequent  congressional statutory law (Public Salary Tax Act of 1939 [Act of April  12, 1939, Ch 59, 53 Stat 574], and The Buck Act, 4 USC, Sections 105-110,  legislated in 1940) nailed the lid on the coffin of 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;  Amendment citizens and the several states. Together and severely, each  is bound to the Legislative Democracy of The District of Columbia. Go  to Rule 45, Rules of the United States Supreme Court, in the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal Rules of Court Procedure&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;  It clearly  tells us that Supreme Court authority over all process issues directly  from the Executive Branch of government, in the name of the President  of the United States!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Government  has encroached upon virtually all segments of our life. This includes  our churches. Most mainstream religious organizations sign themselves  over to Military government by incorporating as 501(c) 3, tax exempt,  nonprofit corporations. Church ministers are now &lt;i&gt;licensed&lt;/i&gt; by  government. Are corporations creatures of the State? What does a license  imply that to do otherwise is illegal? The obvious answer to both these  questions is, yes! Does the Bible tell us we can serve two masters?  The acknowledged Book most professing Christians read specifically tells  us otherwise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;One of our foremost articulate founders,  Patrick Henry, recalled in detail becoming inflamed for the American  Revolution after witnessing British troops beat a traveling minister  to death for refusing British government license to preach. Is this  possible in America today? Possible, yes! But more likely an individual  minister would be sanctioned by his own congregation and its leadership  for not being “politically correct.”  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Just  as politicians, bureaucrats and judges interpret the Constitution to  accommodate an agenda, so do some "Christians" interpret the  Bible according to personal desires and not according to the basic Biblical  text.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  The question,  which law is higher, man’s law or the Law of GOD? You might be surprised  to know the answer is not that simple for many professing a faith in  Christ’s teachings. Ambivalence reigns!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;The Fraud&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Do you now  understand how and why the government is knee-deep in fraud?  Did  anyone ever explain what you were giving up by accepting government  benefits?  Did anyone ever show you how you became a government  employee, a slave?  Under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Roman Civil law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, conquered  peoples were designated as &lt;i&gt;a &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Novation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (new creature) and &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;property of the State&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Individuals guilty of abridging Roman law were not brought before military  tribunals under their &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Christian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; name. An accused novation  was processed before the provost courts under a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fictitious Name&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (see: Black’s Law Dictionary, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed., “A counterfeit,  alias, feigned, or pretended name taken by a person, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;differing  in essential particular from his true name&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; [Christian name and  patronymic], &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;with the implication that it is meant to deceive  or mislead&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  [Emphasis added], i.e., Is your name James Lee;  Smith {Christian appellation} or JAMES L. SMITH {a fictitious name, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; a nom de guerre&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, a “person’s name of war.) A name not conforming  to the Rules of English is a misnomer or misnaming.  However, if  the living man answers summons and appears in court, he corrects all  defects in legal Military process (name, or whatever.)  Flesh and  blood then assume liability for an artificial government creation, the  fictitious “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persona&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,” his Straw Man.  In provost  Military courts, it takes paper to produce fiction!  Do you now  understand why so much paperwork is required between citizen and military  government?  The government paper documents must be there or the  living, breathing man vanishes.  Without documentation, the “Citizen”  becomes invisible to Military government; the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persona designata&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (designed person) disappears!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In America,  you must understand the contractual nexus that purports to bind individuals  to central government. Government presumes a contract that holds title  and ownership to the flesh and blood mans labors, Rights, intellect,  and property through his &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persona&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. The “legal instrument”  forming the contract is known as your &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Birth Certificate&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Since the early 1960s, Birth Certificates are issued by the government  to record births with all CAPITALIZED lettered names (a corporation.)  This is not a Lawful record of physical birth. It is a completely different  document. A Birth Certificate is a commercial instrument which government  exploits to take legal Title of Ownership or Deed to your &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persona&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Government’s presumption: Flesh and blood now answer for the fictitious  creation (the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;personae&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.) This Commercial Record or Commercial  Instrument (Birth Certificate) is a legal commercial "receipt."  It is the same as any other commercial Bill of Lading or Warehouse Receipt.  Commercial “goods” are presented to the government by your mother  and father at the hospital by birth. The Birth Certificate is merely  the Commercial Title Document. The Birth Certificate is not true title  to the individual but the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Commercial&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Certificate of Tile  or Certificate of Birth. (Under the Uniform Commercial Codes [UCC] 1-201  Definitions: [15]  "Document of title" includes bill  of lading, dock warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt or order for  the delivery of goods, and &lt;u&gt;also any other document which in the regular  course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing  that the person in possession of it is entitled to receive, hold and  dispose of the document and the goods it covers&lt;/u&gt;. Further, at: [6]  "Bill of lading" means a document evidencing the receipt of  goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of transporting  or forwarding goods [a hospital, for example], and includes an air bill.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(ed., The following  few paragraphs are postulates written by an unnamed source.  Its  basis [Uniform Commercial Codes] is real, its pronouncements feasible  and its reality unknown by this author, as my research does not included  this particular subject.  Nonetheless, the possibility exists since  it follows the chain of documentation within Roman Jurisprudence/Ponzi  scheme. This information may represent a clear explanation of process  initiates and the effect manifest through government’s actions toward  individuals. This entire treatise may still be available on the Internet  at: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lawgiver.org/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.Lawgiver.org&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The U.S. corporate Federal  Government is bankrupt and holds no Constitutionally mandated silver  or gold (coin and bullion) to back up or pay their debts. All privately  held and federally held gold coins and bullion in America was seized  by Executive Order of April 5, 1933  (See &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.numismaticrareuscoin-/" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;numismaticrareuscoin-&lt;/a&gt;.com/own.&lt;wbr&gt;htm&lt;/b&gt;)  and paid to the creditor, the private Federal Reserve Bank Corporation  (FRB) under the terms of bankruptcy. Then, in 1964, coins with no silver  content were issued and the Constitutional silver coins were recalled  and seized. Further evidence of this was the shortage of industrial  silver and bullion from the mid-1960s through mid-1970s. The small inventories  of silver available during this period were astronomically expensive.  We called the copper edged coins "LBJ funny-money" at the time,  not understanding or knowing that all the silver was being turned over  to the creditor, the privately owned FRB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The only asset the Federal  U.S. government has in order to pay their corporate debt is the people  themselves, so they commercially pledge birthright Americans as collateral  for credit (loans) to pay daily operational costs. The technical way  this is done is astoundingly simple but relatively unknown.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;When a child is born  within the corporate United States, a Record of Live Birth form (a commercial  Bill of Lading), or similar, is issued by the hospital. The father and  mother sign this hospital form (a receipt for goods) as the parents  (manufacturer) and title holders (owners)of the goods (child). The transfer  of the property Rights (the childs Rights) to the State is accepted  by the signature of their government agent, a State &lt;i&gt;licensed&lt;/i&gt;  Physician. The parents have unknowingly pledged their childs future  and labors to the government and signed a presumed contract. This converts  the legal status of their child to that of chattel property in permanently  indentured servitude. The State becomes the de facto holder of the Rights  to the child (collateral).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Next, the hospital then  send the Record of Live Birth to the State Bureau of Vital Statistics,  sometimes called the department of Health and Rehabilitative Services  (HRS) in some States. Each State is required to supply the Federal government  with birth, death, and health statistics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The State agency that  receives the Record of Live Birth (title) keeps it and then issues a  Birth Certificate (BC). The BC is a commercial instrument (document)  evidencing that the State is holding the title (ownership) to the child.  Holding the title is not the same as having possession of the property,  so the State is the "holder" of the instrument but not the  "holder in due course". This is all based on the presumed  acceptance of the contract (Record of Live Birth) between the manufacturer  (parents) and the purchaser (State). The parents are not aware of this  assumed contract because it was never revealed to them nor was full  disclosure made in good faith, so they dont object to what they dont  know. The current holder of your commercial birth document (receipt)  is able to capitalize on it because of your failure to instruct the  holder to do otherwise, due to your silence and lack of legal action.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;cer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP MathA;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;tif&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP MathA;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;i&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP MathA;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;cate&lt;/b&gt;,  noun. Middle English, &lt;b&gt;certificat&lt;/b&gt;, from Middle French, from Medieval  Latin &lt;b&gt;certificatum&lt;/b&gt;, from Late Latin, neuter of &lt;b&gt;certificatus&lt;/b&gt;,  past participle of &lt;b&gt;certificare&lt;/b&gt;, to certify, 15th century. 3:  a document evidencing ownership or debt. (Merriam Webster Dictionary  1998).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;This Birth Certificate  issued by the State is then registered with the U.S. Department of Commerce  through their agency, the U.S. Census Bureau, who is responsible to  collect vital statistics from all the States. The word "&lt;i&gt;registered&lt;/i&gt;",  in commercial law, does not mean that your name was merely noted in  a registry or book for reference purposes. When a Birth Certificate  is registered with the U.S. Department of Commerce, it means that the  childs persona named on it has become a surety or guarantor as collateral  for a commercial loan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Registered&lt;/i&gt;.  Security, bond. (Merriam-Websters Dictionary of Law 1996).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Security&lt;/i&gt;.  1a: Something (as a mortgage or collateral) that is provided to make  certain the fulfillment of an obligation. Example: used his property  as security for a loan. 1b:"surety". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;2:  Evidence of indebtedness, ownership, or the right to ownership.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Bond&lt;/i&gt;. 1a:  A usually formal written agreement by which a person undertakes to perform  a certain act (as fulfill the obligations of a contract) ...with the  condition that failure to perform or abstain will obligate the person  ...to pay a sum of money or will result in the forfeiture of money put  up by the person or surety. 1b: One who acts as a surety. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;2: An interest-bearing  document giving evidence of a debt issued by a government body or corporation  that is sometimes secured by a lien on property and is often designed  to take care of a particular financial need.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Surety&lt;/i&gt;. The  person who has pledged him or herself to pay back money or perform a  certain action if the principal to a contract fails, as collateral,  and as part of the original contract. (Duhaimes Law Dictionary).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;1:  a formal engagement (as a pledge) given for the fulfillment of an undertaking.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;2: one who promises  to answer for the debt or default of another. Under the Uniform Commercial  Code, however, a surety includes a guarantor, and the two terms are  generally interchangeable. (Merriam-Websters Dictionary of Law 1996).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;Guarantor&lt;/i&gt;.  A person who pledges collateral for the contract of another, but separately,  as part of an independently contract with the obligee of the original  contract. (Duhaimes Law Dictionary).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Its not difficult to  see that a Birth Certificate is a document evidencing debt the moment  its issued. This is how it works: Once each State has registered, by  commercial bulk transfer, the Birth Certificates with the U.S. Department  of Commerce, the U.S. Department of the Treasury then issues Treasury  Securities in the form of Treasury Bonds, Notes, and Bills using the  BCs as sureties or guarantors for these purported Securities. This means  that the bankrupt corporate U.S. can guarantee to the purchasers of  their Securities the lifetime labor of all Americans as collateral for  payment. Isnt it nice to know that when you were born, within days you  became the collateral for corporate U.S. debt-loans through the assumed  contract your parents thought was nothing more than a Record of Live  Birth? But wait . . . the chain of events gets even more interesting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Who purchases these Treasury  Securities? Nearly all are purchased by commercial institutions and  brokerage firms on behalf of their individual clients. These purchases  are called commercial book entry transactions whereby the individual  purchaser never receives a paper stock certificate. Follow very closely  and see if you can notice the monopoly and identity of the World Power  Brokers unfolding here. Key words are underlined:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;1. The commercial book  entry system is operated exclusively by the privately owned Federal  Reserve System (formerly the &lt;u&gt;Federal Reserve Bank&lt;/u&gt;) as fiscal  agents of the U.S. Treasury Department.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;2. All these securities  are recorded in the commercial book entry system as "book entry  issues" held for the account of the depository institution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;3. The exclusive depository  institution is the &lt;u&gt;Depository Trust Company&lt;/u&gt; (DTC), a privately  owned trust company (bank), who maintains records identifying the individual  "beneficial owners" of securities that the DTC holds (holder)  in its account in the commercial book entry system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;4. The Depository Trust  Company is an operating unit of (owned by) the &lt;u&gt;Federal Reserve System&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;5. The Depository Trust  Company transfers all the securities to their own private holding company &lt;u&gt; Cede &amp;amp; Company.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;6. Cede &amp;amp; Company  is the holder of nearly $20 trillion ($ 20,000,000,000,000)of stocks  and bonds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;7. The Federal Reserve  System uses the Treasury Securities it holds as collateral to print  and issue Federal Reserve Notes, which are further debt obligations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;What starts out as a  Record of Birth becomes a monopoly of collateral slavery in the hands  of the World Power Brokers, also known as the privately owned Federal  Reserve System. See who the owners are at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://iresist.com/nbn/bankers.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://iresist.com/nbn/&lt;wbr&gt;bankers.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; Learn more about the Depository Trust Company  at: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://iresist.com/nbn/nbn14.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://iresist.com/nbn/nbn14.&lt;wbr&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;. The ultimate Real Party of Interest to your  persona, or strawman, is Cede &amp;amp; Company at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;u&gt;  &lt;a href="http://iresist.com/nbn/nbn15.html" target="_blank"&gt;http://iresist.com/nbn/nbn15.&lt;wbr&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;  since you are the collateral and surety for the Treasury Securities  that are physically held by them in their name. Its worthy to note that  as you walk up to the DTC skyscraper at 55 Water Street in New York  City, the sign in the front says "The Tower of Power".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;When you reclaim the  Title, Deed and ownership of the real you through your Birth Certificate  by accepting it back for its commercial value, you will regain your  sovereignty, Freedom and Liberty. The "Wizards of Oz" (also  known as the World Power Brokers) who have alleged to be the &lt;i&gt;Real  Party of Interest&lt;/i&gt; (RPOI), and all their agents, will then be legally  powerless. Legally, only you can give yourself back your own inherent  sovereignty. Once again, the foundational truth being that "all  law is contract", the World Power Brokers (WPB) have successfully  made their claims by making us subject, via contract, to their sovereignty  and ownership. The same rules that have made us servants and slaves  to the WPB can also set us free from their legal claims. The key is  going to the source and making it apply to our current legal status  dilemma. There are many maxims (truths or proverbs) of Law that state  this:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Nihil tam naturale est,  qu m eo genere quidque dissolvere, quo colligatum est-- It is very natural  that an obligation should not be dissolved but by the same principles  which were observed in contracting it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Qui evertit causam, evertit  causatum futurum-- He who overthrows the cause, overthrows its future  effects. Sublata causa tollitur effectus-- Remove the cause and the effect  will cease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Cujusque rei potissima  pars principium est-- The principal part of everything is in the beginning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The WPB followed these  same Legal Rules to set up their "system". We must follow  the same legal Rules to escape their "system". Knowing how  they set this up is an element behind the reasoning for its existence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;As we stated earlier,  the corporate entity known as the United States is bankrupt. Congress  confirmed bankruptcy through the "Joint Resolution” to suspend  the Gold Standard and abrogate the Gold Clause, June 5, 1933" in  H. J. Res. 192, 73rd Congress, 1st session, Public Law 73-10. Within  this 1933 Public Law, it states in part "...every provision contained  in or made with respect to any obligation which purports to give the  obligee a right to require payment in gold or a particular kind of coin  or currency, or in an amount in money of the United States measured  thereby, is declared to be against public policy". In 1950, the  corporate U.S. declared bankruptcy a second time whereby the Secretary  of Treasury was appointed as "Receiver" of the bankruptcy  in Reorganization Plan No. 26, Title 5 USC 903, Public Law 94-564, Legislative  History, page 5967.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The issuance of paper  as a "legal tender" and circulating medium of exchange did  not occur until 1862 during Lincolns War. The Congress authorized the  issuance of non-interest bearing Treasury notes and declared the resulting  bills of credit to be legal tender for all debts, public and private,  with the exception of taxes on imports. The notes were deemed necessary  to "float the debt of the United States" for the war effort.  In reality, the corporate United States was already bankrupt. On June  3, 1864, Congress passed "An Act to provide a National Currency,  secured by a Pledge of United States Bonds, and to provide for the Circulation  and Redemption thereof." Today, "Federal Reserve Notes"  are officially recognized as "SDRs" -- Special Drawing Rights  -- under the amended Breton Wood Agreements Act, Public Law 94-564. See  further Legislative History, Senate Report No. 94-1148, October 1, 1976.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;As you can see, there  is no lawful money in circulation today. What the average American thinks  is "money" is nothing more than private commercial debt instruments  made of paper, "legal tender", evidencing the debt Americans  are required to pay against the collective bankruptcy of the federal  government. Real money is a tangible substance such as gold, silver  and produce of the earth, or labor. Real money can never be debt. The  original Mint Act was passed on Thursday, January 12, 1792. This Act  was drafted in Pursuance with the Constitution for the United States  of America [See Article VI, Clause 2] and provided for the minting of  both gold and silver dollars under Section 9. This Act met all of the  requirements of Article I, Section 8, Clause 5 and 6, and Article I,  Section 10, Clause I.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The use of real money  is a Right of sovereigns, not slaves. Debt is created by a mere signature  authorizing notes of indebtedness. All "money" in circulation  today is created from further borrowing against our federal bankruptcy.  Only by borrowing against a government’s bankruptcy can its servants  and slaves have pieces of paper to spend like money, even though they  are purely notes of indebtedness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Unless one is the Holder  in Due Course of ones straw man, "owning" such paper debt  Notes or anything it buys is a liability, not an asset. The fact that  people mistakenly consider Federal Reserve Notes to be assets is a major  cause of the problem we all face. Whenever a "person" accumulates  private Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs), he is accumulating more debt.  The more FRNs you have; the more commercial goods, property and services  you purchase with them; the more indebted you become.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Lex semper dabit remedium-  The law always gives a remedy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;No sovereign can rule  without the majority consent of the People. Power always has and always  will reside in and with the People.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;"But God has chosen  the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God has chosen  the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty"--  1 Corinthians 2:27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  &lt;b&gt; END&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The above information  clarifies much ado surrounding documentation government has scrambled  to secure since the “Great Depression” of the 1930s and congressional  legislative events occurring during the Roosevelt administration of  that period. Another government clamor has arisen to have all children  from birth receive a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Security Number&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt; before  they leave the hospital. The parents are no longer allowed to carry  the child as a legal dependent under IRS Code should they choose to  do otherwise. The above information, along with the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Marriage License&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  explains a great deal about government actions within the family structure.  Government is currently employing chattel contract ownership and attendant  third party contract/license rights to micro-manage families.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"Marriage is a civil contract  to which there are three parties-the husband, the wife and the state."  (Van Koten vs. Van Koten. 154 N.E. 146th.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  "The primary control and custody of infants is with the government"  (Tillman V. Roberts. 108 So. 62nd)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Government  is doing it right.  Government does not intentionally break the  law. Government follows the law!  But, which law are they following?   Military Government follows Military law!  Under capricious Military  law they are not obligated to explain what they are doing or why they  are doing it!  It is the people’s responsibility to know and  understand to which law they are obligated!  Were you taught this  in school?  Don’t be too hard on Americans’ Public School System  their curriculum is prescribed.  They don’t have a clue!   Those few in government, law, education, religion, etc., who do understand  the truth never openly reveals it!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A simple fact,  Government law is almost never wrong but their enforcement employees  are almost never right!  Government employees are trained to their  level of incompetence, no higher.  Government employees are taught  only what is necessary &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;to create  a Constitutional issue&lt;/b&gt;!  (As a British commissioner over a  Scottish Highland district once proclaimed to the captain of his guard,  “I serve the king [George] efficaciously [for the desired effect.]”)  Most government employees understand law as it relates to their job  function but only from a statutory (legislated) point of view.   What was the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Probable Cause&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; and where were the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;warrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; issued on &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;affidavits&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  at Ruby Ridge, Waco and all the myriad of unlawful attacks, searches  and seizures which have and are occurring on a daily basis all over  this nation? Probable cause, warrants, affidavits, etc., are &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Common  Law Venue!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Military law jurisdiction&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  the government can declare individuals to be&lt;b&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Radicals&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Dissidents, Drug Dealers, Tax Protestors,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Terrorists&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cults&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; occupying a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Compound&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.   These are International law terms allowing arrests, seizures or even  open attacks on selected “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;persons” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; without raising constitutional legal questions. They are treated as&lt;b&gt;  &lt;i&gt;belligerents&lt;/i&gt;, rebellious&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (rebels.)  Probable cause, warrants, etc., are not required against  rebels under Military law Rule!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Go to The Bill  of Rights, Fourth Amendment, and read what it says.  Is that Right  not currently contradicted by federal government actions? If we follow  previous court decisions, this would certainly appear to be the case.  Reading from Kansas case law: “If a warrant, in the first instance,  may issue upon mere hearsay or belief, then all guards of the &lt;u&gt;common  law&lt;/u&gt; and &lt;u&gt;the bill of rights&lt;/u&gt;, to protect the liberty and property  of the citizen against arbitrary power, are swept away.” (The State  v. Gleason, 32 Kan. Rep. 245, 251 [1884.]) (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;One of the  early inquires into the Waco, Texas incident questioned affidavit and  warrant issued for the arrest of Vernon Howell, a.k.a., David Koresh.  The FBI’s report on that incident admitted the BATF action was taken  from &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;hearsay&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; disclosed by a dissident former Branch Davidian  informant and a warrant was issued on that fateful Sunday at about the  same time or shortly after assault against the Davidian religious commune  began. BATF agents did not have warrant in hand when their actions against  the Davidians occurred! (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Ashes of Waco: An investigative report&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;,  Dick J. Reavis, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, N.Y., NY, [1995].) Was the military  involved in this incident? The FBI admits in their official report that  the military was on hand! You must understand, the military &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt;  intervene under Military law!  The &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Posse Comitatus&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Act&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; is de jure Civil Law jurisdiction, within state venue;  However, it is non-operational under capricious, civil (de facto) military  jurisdiction!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Legal Tender&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;If you believe people today  don’t have a clue, read the Supreme Court &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Legal Tender Decisions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  adjudicated after the Civil War.  The justices were having difficulties  trying to find the handle on what was going on!  Lincoln printed &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Commercial Paper&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Greenbacks/War Script) during the conflict.   After hostilities ended, paper money continued to circulate and cases  were brought before the Supreme Court.  First time up, &lt;i&gt;Hepburn  V. Griswold&lt;/i&gt;, 1870, the court ruled: Commercial paper is Unconstitutional  at Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;10,  para 5: “No State shall . . . make any Thing but Gold and silver Coin  a Tender in Payment of Debts . . .” A perfectly correct legal decision  under&lt;b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Civil Common Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!  Months later, with two new  President Grant appointee justices, the court heard another Legal Tender  case.  This time the Supreme Court ruled: Commercial Paper is perfectly  legal under Military (Martial) law, the &lt;i&gt;War Powers&lt;/i&gt;.  Neither  decision has ever been reversed!  Obviously, someone got to the  justices and explained that the country never legally reformed as a  de jure civil government. Commercial paper was entirely acceptable under  International Military law in the Legislative Democracy of the District  of Columbia (the War Zone.) War script and National Emergency were still  in full force and effect!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;By the 1880s,  several banking schemes were introduced to the public with varying degrees  of success. Yet, another legal tender case was instituted before the  court: &lt;i&gt;Julliard v. Greenman&lt;/i&gt;.  In 1878, congress passed an  act requiring continued circulation of &lt;i&gt;Greenbacks&lt;/i&gt; (commercial  paper) issued during the civil war. The &lt;i&gt;Julliard&lt;/i&gt; case questioned  the constitutionality of military congressional action.  Speaking  for the court, Justice Horace Gray pronounced the following adjudication:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“Congress,  as the legislature of a sovereign nation, being expressly empowered  by the Constitution, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;to lay and collect taxes, to pay the  debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the  United States,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; and ‘to borrow money on credit of  the United States,’ and  “to coin money and regulate the value  thereof and of foreign coin; and being clearly authorized, as incidental  to the exercise of those great powers, to emit bills of credit, to charter  national banks, and to provide a national currency for the whole people,  in the form of coin, treasury notes, and national bank bills; and the  power to make the notes of the government a legal tender in payment  of private debts being one of the powers belonging to sovereignty in  other civilized nations, and not expressly withheld from congress by  the constitution; we are irresistibly impelled to the conclusion that  the impressing upon the treasury notes of the United States the quality  of being legal tender in payment of private debts is an appropriate  means  . . . consistent with the letter and spirit of the Constitution.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Basic  American Government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Clarence B. Carson, American Textbook Committee,  Wadley, Alabama, 1993, Pg. 327.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Did the Supreme  Court go beyond its authority?  Absolutely!  But it should  be clear by now that all authority lay with Military government and  they were not about to relinquish power despite restrictions contained  within the (optional) Constitution.  Was this nation in trouble?   You bet!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Which Money&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The latter  part of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Century saw large amounts of Silver and  Gold mined from the Western united states.  Under International  law, Gold is the money of the sea, Silver is the money of the land (internal  to the nation.)  Congress realized that the concentration of silver  within the Western states could derail the Military Government in the  war zone. Congress demonetized silver (except Silver coins minted under  the 1792 Mint and Coinage Act, which were quietly confiscated) to avoid  the several states snatching away the Military Legislative Democracy  and reestablishing lawful civil government based on substance, silver  and gold. (Gold was minted only by the states before the 1792 Mint and  Coinage Act and during administration of the Articles of Confederation.)  Gold and Silver, in coin or bullion, not minted according to the 1792  Mint and Coinage Act is money in &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;commerce&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt; not legal Tender recognized by the US Constitution of 1791.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The corporate  government in the District of Columbia was drowning in international  debt by the late 1800s (that debt being minuscule compared to the District  of Columbia’s debt today!) Despite mounting deficits, the Legislative  Democracy continued borrowing large sums of debt credit from international  bankers after civil conflict ended in the 1860s, and has continued doing  so to present.  By 1909, the Military Government of Washington,  D.C. was in worse financial condition than when the borrowing began.  Interest on the &lt;i&gt;Tontine&lt;/i&gt; Insurance Debt was due and payable (ed.,  Lookup &lt;i&gt;Tontine&lt;/i&gt; in Black’s Law, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Ed.)  The  Federal Government was bankrupt! Washington could not pay interest on  its indebtedness, let alone principal.  It must be further noted  that when nations become bankrupt, they do not go to court they go into &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; treaty&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; negotiations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Government  officials and private American financiers met with international bankers  at Jekyll Island, Georgia in 1909 (Brenton Woods Agreement) and secured  a twenty-year grace period from interest payments on the loans.   But there was a &lt;i&gt;concession&lt;/i&gt;: Establishment of a &lt;i&gt;private international  bank&lt;/i&gt; inside this country. That concession became a reality four  years later when Military congress approved establishment and charter  for the &lt;i&gt;Federal Reserve Bank&lt;/i&gt;.  (President Andrew Jackson,  confronted with a similar circumstance in 1836 won his battle with government  and international bankers by denying continuation of a private international  bank charter.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In 1909, William  Howard Taft was President of the United States.  Taft vetoed efforts  of congress to initiate the 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment and it did not  come to fruition until President Wilson came to office two years later.  The 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment pressed individual taxation upon the states  and individual Citizens domiciled within the states.  Recall the  forth leg of constitutional government is an Independent Bank!  &lt;i&gt; The Federal Reserve System&lt;/i&gt; superseded America’s Independent Bank  by creation of a private bank system that is not a part of corporate  American government.  &lt;i&gt;The Federal Reserve System &lt;/i&gt; introduced fractional banking to America and creation of a national  debt system that has no mythology for retiring principle debt only a  device treaty for paying perpetual interest.  &lt;i&gt;The Federal Reserve  System&lt;/i&gt; is a private bank system securing debt credit for America’s  national banks belonging to the system.  In turn, &lt;i&gt;The Federal  Reserve&lt;/i&gt; allows member banks to make monetary loans based on a ratio  of dollars held in the&lt;i&gt; Federal Reserve&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;System.&lt;/i&gt; (U)nited  States Government securities issued through American brokerage houses  and sold to lenders and foreign investment houses all over the world  created the overwhelming debt of the American government.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Twenty years  after the meeting at Jekyll Island, the federal government was in no  better financial condition than international bankers found twenty years  earlier.  This time there was no grace period, this time the surety  for the debt (this nation’s Gold) moved to the banks in Europe (cooperatively  accomplished through arbitrage of Gold deposits in private American  banks. Gold in America was valued at $22 an ounce.  In Europe,  however, American banks could sell Gold for $34 in commercial paper.)   It does not take a financial genius to understand what occurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;When a nation  loses its substance (Gold), &lt;i&gt;depression&lt;/i&gt; usually follows.   Moreover, depression is indeed what happened to the united States of  America, along with the entire world, beginning in October of 1929!   (When a nation loses its &lt;i&gt;substance&lt;/i&gt;, it also loses its &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;property&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  and it loses its &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Which Congress&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Several years  ago, Dr. Eugene Schroeder completed an intensive research of the laws,  Executive Orders, presidential writings and various government documents,  to determine their effects on the Constitution since the “Civil War.”   Dr. Schroeder concluded: “. . . the federal government has used and  abused the constitution’s war and emergency powers clause so that  for over 60 years our constitution has been suspended.”   (Constitution:  Fact or Fiction; Eugene Schroeder, Buffalo Creek Press, Cleburne, Texas,  1995.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Dr. Schroeder’s  findings are somewhat correct, from a &lt;i&gt;national&lt;/i&gt; point of view.   However, he is incorrect as the united States Constitution affects &lt;i&gt; individuals&lt;/i&gt;.  Evidence of this should be available if we look  a little deeper. On February 6, 1933, the 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment  was adopted.  This was little more than a month before March 9,  1933, the date Dr. Schroeder says Congress approved President Franklin  Roosevelt’s action of resurrecting the War Powers (Presidential Proclamation  Number 2040, passed by congressional ratifying Act. [12 U.S.C.A., Section  95{b}].) Subsequently, United States citizens were declared alien enemies  (rebels) of the United States Military Government (under the &lt;i&gt;revised&lt;/i&gt;  Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 [12 U.S.C.A., &lt;i&gt;Supra&lt;/i&gt;].) This  was done in consequence to the American people demanding return of their  gold deposits supposedly held by American banks. When the bankers fled  to the government for protection, the government declared the American  people guilty of hoarding. Depositors were rewarded with new laws, fines  and imprisonment for seeking return of what rightfully belonged to them!   Note: If there is some doubt in your mind about government considering  the American people alien enemies of the United States and subject to  military courts, go to the U.S. Military Manual for Courts Martial,  Art. 99(C)(1)(b) and read the definition of “&lt;i&gt;Enemy&lt;/i&gt;.” How  could this happen?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;2,  states, “The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,  and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; day of January,  unless they shall by law appoint a different day.”  Nowhere in  the 20th Amendment does it state that this Amendment repeals Article  1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;4,  par 2, of the Constitution:  “The Congress shall assemble at least  once in every Year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in  December, unless they shall by Law appoint another day.” The Supreme  Court has ruled many times that the united States Constitution cannot  conflict with itself!  Obviously, this is a Constitutional conflict,  or is it?  There must be something more that is not readily apparent.   Yes, there is!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;There are &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; two&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; bodies of Congress!  What did you say?!  There  are &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;two&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; bodies of Congress!  There is de facto Military  Congress and there is (de jure) Constitutional Representative Republican  Congress that has not met since October of 1860!  Coals from the  fire still simmer on the hearth of the Republic, but no one has rekindled  the blaze!  The Constitutional Republic still exists because the  succession of power trails downward from “We the people  . .  .”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Therefore, the Republic can never  die!  Remember what is written from the Supreme Court cases above  (in part):  (G)overnment . . . duty . . . is a debt owed to the  creator, &lt;b&gt;We the people&lt;/b&gt;  and . . .  is never &lt;b&gt;extinguished&lt;/b&gt;  nor &lt;b&gt;discharged&lt;/b&gt;, and is &lt;b&gt;perpetual&lt;/b&gt; . . . ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;The Dilemma  Continues&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“Those  who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution  inevitable.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;John F. Kennedy, US Pres, Speech 3/13/1962,  The White House.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;American jurisprudence  offers two principles in defense of the Citizen: For every wrong there  is a remedy, and “No one should suffer by the act of another.”   Because our present Constitution still stands, it can be individually  accessed before the courts; However, you must understand the Venue to  which you are obligated in order to gain (constitutional or statutory)  protections.  You must know to which laws you are bound: Christian Common  Law or Imperial Military law!  You must understand your status  (Sovereign or 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment citizen) to determine the legal  jurisdiction to which you belong.  Case law goes both ways!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Our &lt;i&gt;Remedy&lt;/i&gt;  is most certainly not&lt;i&gt; Military Legislative Congress&lt;/i&gt;!  Present  Congress is as ignorant as a brick and about as impotent!  Who  got us into all this trouble in the first place?  Occasionally,  the truth is revealed.  Such was the occasion on the floor of the  House of Representative when well-known Congressman Traficant rose and  made the following remarks:&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;   “. . . Mr. Speaker, we are now here in chapter 11&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (Bankruptcy.)&lt;i&gt;  &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;u&gt;Members of Congress are official  trustees presiding over the greatest&lt;/u&gt; reorganization of any  &lt;u&gt;bankrupt entity in world history, the U. S. Government&lt;/u&gt;.   We are setting forth hopefully a blueprint for our future.  There  are some who say it is a coroner’s report that will lead to our demise.” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (Congress. Record, Vol. 139, Washington, Wednesday, March 17, 1993.  Proceeding and debates of 103&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Congress, 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;  Ses. Pub. By U. S. Government Printing Office, Supr. of Documents, Washington,  D.C. (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;After all,  our present Congress is merely an&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;advisor&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to the Commander-in-Chief of the Military Government!   Congress has authority but that authority is no greater than that of  the President!  In reality, Congress is the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trustee&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  for the bankrupt United States Government!  Oh, they hold sway  over the president with various sensitive domestic political issues  placating the masses, but not always. Do you have doubts? Let’s look  at a couple of recent events. What happened when Congress said no to  sending troops into Bosnia?  Did we send troops to Bosnia?   Yes, we did!  Did Mr. Clinton execute an Executive Order to Secretary  of State Rubin authorizing fifty billion dollars in commercial paper  credit to bail out Mexico over the objections of Congress?  Yes  he did!  Can he do that?  You bet he can!  When executive  Orders issued by the President of the United States are entered into  the National Registry without a formal objection after 30 days they  become the same as legislated law!  Further, Congress makes no  law without a preexisting Executive Order from the President of the  United States!  Now you understand the power a U.S. President wields.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;If you subscribe  to government benefits and/or have registered to vote, you are now a  slave to the District of Columbia Military Government, the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!   Government is telling it right.  We are living under a Democracy!   Democracy means the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Military&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;!&lt;/i&gt;  What does a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; vote&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; for Congress elect,  a new board of congressional military  advisors to the Commander-in-Chief?  One thing is sure; they are  not de jure Representative Republican Congress overseeing the business  for which they were created. That Congress has not been in session for  more than 150 years!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Occasionally,  an honest politician steps forward and admits the truth. In 1922, New  York City Mayor John F. Hylan spoke the following: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The real menace  of our republic is this invisible government which like a giant octopus  sprawls its slimy length over city, state and nation. Like the octopus  of real life, it operates under cover of a self-created screen . . .   At the head of this octopus are the  Rockefeller Standard Oil interests and a small group of powerful banking  houses generally referred to as international bankers. The little coterie  of powerful international bankers virtually run the United States government  for their own selfish purposes. They practically control both political  parties&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This government  is deep in fraud, but it has not broken the law it created!  They  are right!  We don’t understand their law!  We don’t understand  their Venue; Therefore, we don’t understand the limits of military  authority (jurisdiction), and we don’t know how to argue our case  before their courts because of our ignorance!  The New Testament  tells us (paraphrasing): Don’t go into their courts!  However,  if you are taken into their courts, know what to say!  Study the  law which pertains to you.  We are taught from childhood, “ignorance  of the law is no excuse?” (All persons are presumed to know the law.   If any person acts under any unconstitutional statue, he does so at  his own peril, he must take the consequences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;16 Am Jur 177, 178.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Our early leaders  repeatedly exclaimed; Government needs no protection from the people;  the people need to protect themselves against government! But be aware,  provost military courts are not bound to prior decisions of another  provost court. There is no &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;stare decisi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Its past time  we began practicing the legacy of wise men with which GOD graced this  nation’s beginning.  The substance of our nation must be restored.   It is time to reseat our legitimate, de jure Representative Civil Government!   And, it is time to take back our Gold!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A Two Point  Compass&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Fundamental  to understanding American jurisprudence is the knowledge that Liberty  and Equality can never be in equilibrium!  The scales will not  balance!  Equality equates to leveling, sameness, Collectivism,  Socialism, Communism.  Liberty equates to freedom, dynamics, and  an ability to change!  How can we change if all are the same?   The French Revolution and its subsequent series of upheavals were predicated  on Liberty and Equality.  Where is France today?  France is  mired in a morass of socialism, as is most of Europe?  A thorough  reading of our early Law reveals the distance we have drifted from Biblical  moorings into the tumultuous sea of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!  No  nation in history has survived a democracy!  All have declined  to oblivion and reemerged in some form of convoluted, maniacal tyranny.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Attributed  to Scottish author/philosopher Alexander Fraser Tyler (1748-1813) the  following is a prudent, sobering observation: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A democracy cannot  exist as a permanent form of government.  It can only exist until  the voters discover that they can vote themselves money from the public  treasury.  From that moment on the majority always votes for the  candidate promising the most benefits from the Public Treasury with  a result that a democracy always collapses over loose fiscal policy  always followed by a dictatorship. The average age of the world’s  greatest civilizations has been 200 years. These nations have progressed  through the following sequence: From bondage to spiritual faith; from  spiritual faith to great courage; from courage to liberty; from liberty  to abundance; from abundance to selfishness; from selfishness to complacency;  from complacency to apathy; from apathy to dependency; from dependency  back to bondage.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Will we be  any different?  Recent history offers little hope without the genesis  required to put this country into de jure Republican Legislative posture.   This may happen, but only when GOD fearing men of Christian principle  and righteous conviction organize, step forth and rise up a new Representative  Republican Congress and restore this nation’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil Government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!   If this does not occur, we, as a nation, are headed for further decline  and a totalitarian takeover.  Our democracy will become that espoused  by Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill, and of late, the United  Nations, Khrushchev, Nixon, Carter, Gorbachev&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Bush, Yeltsin, the Clintons, Obama,  New World Order proponents, and a myriad of appointed bureaucrats and  voter elected public officials!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Before Lincoln’s  War, all government representatives were elected to office by &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; qualified&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; sovereign state Citizens. Casting a vote demanded  requirements: Citizenship, age, private property ownership, etc., (L)awfully  prescribed for a voice in Representative Republican Government.   Public education teaches that we are a nation of laws.  Which laws?!   As you have read here, there is Christian Common Law, Constitutional  Law, Admiralty/Maritime International law, and there is Military law.   Under a military congress you do not have legally qualified electors  you have legislated registered voters&lt;i&gt;.  &lt;/i&gt; Legislated voters&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;are non-qualified masses!  Today,&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; many voters seek only &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;entitlements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; (government benefits.)  Most voters are without any&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; stake in this country (private land ownership) or in how their vote  affects this nation. Most voters are truly ignorant of what and for  whom they are voting!  When you register to vote, you sign up with  the legislative democracy that is impotent under rule of military law  and only superficial in leadership.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;America is governed by a military  dictatorship declared by the President of the United States under the  War Powers at Article 1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;§&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;8, par 15, more than 150 years ago  and it as never been rescinded!  Voting for a new Congress is merely  hoping the new group will change policy so that your ox is not as badly  gored. When a magistrate tells you he is operating under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;color  of law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; he is within his authority since that is how military  law operates. The magistrate is functioning under de facto law administered  by the Executive Branch of government in Washington, District of Columbia,  known as the&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;United States&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Our judges are merely &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; commissioners&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; administering the bankruptcy of the District of  Columbia! Legislated statutory violators (14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment  Citizen [taxpayers]) are remitting tributes (taxes) for the privilege  of remaining in their homeland instead of being carried away to a foreign  nation as slaves satisfying an overwhelming debt created by corporate  United States!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;A Remedy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The overwhelming  debt created by the District of Columbia does not attach to the several  de jure states and sovereign Citizens &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;domiciled&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; therein.  All of the several states were dragged into this affair after their  authority was usurped by the United States Military Government and replaced  with de facto government entities called &lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;tates (with a capitalized &lt;b&gt; S: &lt;/b&gt;Title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, Ch.1 [7-1-89 Ed.].)   The original &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Republic states&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; still exist but at present  are dormant since none have legitimate, sovereign Citizen elected representation.   De jure &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;state&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; was forced to submit to de facto &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;State  of&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, the military government, under authority of the President  of the United States, Commander-in-Chief of the military government.   The proof of this statement can be found in&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; Federal Rules of Court&lt;i&gt;: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rules of the United States Supreme  Court&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, where it is openly disclosed at Rule 45 (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Federal  Rules of Court&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, Editorial Staff, Michie, Charlottesville, Va,  1997 Ed., pg. 487.)  Those that lead this nation would do well  to remember a warning about chicanery centuries ago: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Woe to  those who decree unjust statutes and to those who continually record  unjust decisions, to deprive the needy of justice, and to rob the poor  of My people of their rights…”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  (Isaiah 10:1, 2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Those of you  that openly embrace Militias and Common Law Courts (such courts do not  exist in Law) as the answer to your dilemma are well advised: Know the  ground where you are walking!  Constitutional Civil Law and Militias  are subsets of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Civil Government&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. This nation’s Lawful  representative civil government “Sunset” after the first Monday  of December 1860, and it has never reformed. Constitutional Civil Law  and Militia authority end when Lawful civil government expires.   From a national perspective, this nation is under a different set of  rules than we have been lead to believe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A simple axiom:  Chaos brings change.  We can see the effect of this axiom in the  occurrences during the havoc that took place from 1860-65, and to the  present.  It should be clear by now that loss of the “Civil War  “ not only affected the South, it changed the entire country!   All fifty states and their inhabitants currently reel under the boot  heel exerted by central government out of control with spending and  regulation (legislated law.) Examine history and legislation passed  in years subsequent to the stock market crash of 1929.  Read the  federal military measures that followed.  Is this the legacy you  want to leave your children?  I don’t think so!  Your individual  remedy is the Law but you must know how to reach your remedy if you  expect to prevail “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The lack of timely protest equals consent&lt;/i&gt;.”&lt;/b&gt;  -- U.S. &lt;i&gt;v&lt;/i&gt; Minker, 350 U.S. 179, 187.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;The Christian  Perspective&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Bible teaches:  “. . . study to understanding.” The Law may teach you how to read,  study, comprehend and understand.  Understanding will teach you  how to study the book with the answers: The Bible. Evidence overwhelmingly  supports that this nation was conceived and implemented as a Christian  undertaking; However, it ceased to be so when man supplanted God’s  Law with his own. This could not, would not have happened if this nation’s  people recognized, accepted and discharged the responsibilities left  in their trust. We were warned: If our leadership is corrupt, the people  suffer! (KJV, Proverbs 29:2. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;When the righteous are in authority,  the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Christianity  is recognized, positive Law.  Referring to Black’s Law Dictionary,  6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Edition, we lookup the word: &lt;b&gt;Jural&lt;/b&gt;.  “. . .  (R)ecognized or sanctioned by &lt;u&gt;positive law&lt;/u&gt;; embraced within or  covered by the rules and enactments of &lt;u&gt;positive law&lt;/u&gt;.  &lt;u&gt; Founded in law&lt;/u&gt;; organized upon the basis of a fundamental law and &lt;u&gt; existing for the recognition and protection of rights&lt;/u&gt; . . . (T)he  term ‘&lt;u&gt;Jural Society’ is used as the synonym of  “state” or ‘organized political community’&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;u&gt;”&lt;/u&gt;   (Emphasis added) What would be better than an organized Christian Jural  Society?  Properly instituted and functioning, it is the foundation  of Civil Law Rule and far superior to Imperial Military law. From this  footing, the people may begin the process of recovering and rebuilding  legitimate civil government for this Nation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The Lord blessed  our nation’s beginnings because it was established on principles GOD  gave man shortly after he was put on this earth.  Our Law must  be God’s Law.  If not God’s Law, we, as a nation, will succumb  to the temptation which Christ overcame on the mountain as he looked  over and was offered the world if He would only worship the tempter.  Are we as a nation examining the truth or are we succumbing to the lie  professed by Lucifer to Christ? We are warned in the Scriptures that  what we face is not flesh and blood but a pervasive evil controlled  by evil elements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;We are all  equal in the way we enter this world and the way we depart this life.   What remains from our passing is the foundation created for our children  while we are here. GOD blesses those who serve Him and not mammon.   Our choice is to build upon rock or upon sand. Time compression, brought  on by our society and the exponential increase of knowledge, signals  much from the prophecies given by GOD to the chosen men put here long  ago for our enlightenment.  If we expect positive change, it must  come from within us, individually and collectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The world at  large understands very little of our nations’ intended culture, mores  and GOD.  Most understand even less about God’s Law and His personal  expectations for individual man. It was summed up long ago in a simple  phrase spoken through an Israelite prophet: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;My people are destroyed  for lack of knowledge . . . &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; !  (Hosea 4:6)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Just who, then,  is to blame for this mess?  The President, The Congress,   The Supreme Court?  Not entirely&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Where were  our ancestors when all this started?  Why weren’t they out there  forcing our deadbeat legislators back into timely, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lawful&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Congressional Session and saving our nation from this insipid, twisted,  horrible condition we now face?  Who then is to blame?  &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; We are!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  Who else do you blame for allowing this regrettable  circumstance to continue?  Gaze into the mirror!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Goudy Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;But if the watchman see the sword  come, and blow not the trumpet, and the people be not warned; if the  sword come, and take any person from among them, he is taken away in  his iniquity; but his blood will I require at the watchman’s hand.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Goudy Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;  &lt;/i&gt; Ezekiel 33:6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Do we have  an obligation to each other?  Absolutely!  It is our Christian  responsibility to warn the people when the truth is veiled in a lie!   The men trusted with responsibility of a watchman (the elected) shrank  from their charge and hid knowledge from the people. Our forefathers  warned us this would happen. Thus, we were advised to watch government!   It is the duty of the informed to sound alarm once aware of danger to  the people. Those who have (Biblical) “eyes to see,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; read the following from Senate Report  93-549:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Since  March 9, 1933, the United States has been in a state of declared National  Emergency. Most of the people of the United States have lived all their  lives under emergency rule.  For 40 years, freedoms and governmental  procedures guaranteed by the constitution have, in varying degrees,  been abridged by laws brought into force by states of National emergency.   In the United States, actions taken by government in times of great  crisis have - from, at least the Civil War - in important ways shaped  the present phenomenon of a &lt;u&gt;permanent state of National emergency&lt;/u&gt;  . . .&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt; ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (93&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Congress, 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;  Session, Emergency Statutes: Provisions of Federal Law now in effect  delegating to the Executive Extraordinary Authority in Time of National  Emergency, Page 1, November 19, 1973, Pursuant to Senate Resolution  9.) (Emphasis added.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The “National  emergency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; purportedly ended by congressional  legislation in 1976.  Nevertheless, our Martial law condition continues!   The reason, There is no lawful national representative civil government  or local civil authority from which de jure government can rise.   No Executive Order/edict, Congressional or State legislation can restore  legitimate civil government.  Only “We the people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  have authority to raise a new, legal civil authority!  Until Lawful  civil government is restored, our nation has no legitimate Civil Law!  Individually, Christian Common Law is still the Law of the land and  superior to Martial law. But civil law must be backed by a legitimate  civil authority in order to reestablish de jure government!  This  can only be accomplished through efforts of Christian people. Once again,  all lawful civil authority rests in the hands of “We the people.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;   Lawful government can restore only by qualified Christian Citizens in  proper Venue, not the military/economic Venue currently tightening manacles  on the wrists of its slaves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;For more than  thirty years, the above truth has been available in a Senate report,  yet obscured from this nation’s citizens for a purpose. Your fate  cannot be entrusted to man or to mans’ contracts and documents.   The society into which we have evolved is a direct result of faith in  and dependence upon man to follow man, not GOD.  Abortion, gun  control, abolition of state’s Rights, the United Nations, Municipal  law, wars, treaties, loss of individual liberty and a profusion of unconstitutional  conditions have accumulated on the American people through men with  this nation’s fiduciary trust. The following quote attributed to President  Clinton by the Wall Street Underground, March 1998 edition: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;When  we got organized as a country and we wrote a fairly radical Constitution  with a radical Bill of Rights, giving a radical amount of individual  freedom to Americans, it was assumed the Americans who had that freedom  would use it responsibly . . .  [However, now] there’s a lot  of irresponsibility. And so a lot of people say there’s too much freedom.  When personal freedom is being abused, you have to move to limit it.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  These are words from a president that swore an oath to protect and defend  the united states constitution?! Power, greed and lust are all consuming,  living obsessions to our leadership. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A  prudent man forseeth the evil, and hideth himself: but the simple pass  on, and are punished.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (Proverbs 22:3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;   When you factor GOD out of any equation, we see only one answer: &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt; Evil&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(“Then Jesus  said unto them, My time is not yet come: but your time is alway ready.   The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, because I testify of it,  that the works thereof are &lt;b&gt;evil&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;[KJV, John  7:6-7.])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;May peace of  spirit be ever with you through the blessings of our Lord and Savior,  Jesus Christ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;POSTSCRIPT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Let us remember  that we, as a nation, have brought most of what has happened upon ourselves.   Avarice and self aggrandizement are driving forces, the vehicles of  State propelling our direction. We are self deceived and servants to  the age-old &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;law merchant&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. In less than two and one-half  centuries we have returned to our fate full circle. Go to the Declaration  of Independence. Read carefully why this nation’s ancestry broke away  from the British Empire, then examine the following: In America today,  legislated law is a business, a business has rules, the rules are law!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;All those interested  in knowing more about Christian Common Law, de jure Constitutional Law  and our present system of Imperial Military government are urged to  contact this group:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The  Christian Jural Society   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;C/o  Rand Lee, General Delivery &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Canoga  Park Post Office&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Canoga  Park, California   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;(818)  347-7080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;                              &lt;wbr&gt;                              &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;GLOSSARY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative&lt;/b&gt;.  Connotes of or pertains to administration, especially management, &lt;u&gt; as by managing or conducting, directing, or superintending, the execution,  application or conduct of persons or things&lt;/u&gt;. Fluet v. McCabe, 299  Mass. 173, 12 N.E.2d 89, 93. Particularly, &lt;u&gt;having the character of  executive or ministerial action&lt;/u&gt;. In this sense,&lt;u&gt; administrative  functions or acts are distinguished from such as are judicial&lt;/u&gt;. People  ex rel. Van Sickle v. Austin, 20 App. Div. 1, 46 N.Y.S. 526.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  adjudication&lt;/b&gt;. The process by which an administrative agency issues  an order, &lt;u&gt;such order being affirmative, negative, injunctive or declaratory  in form&lt;/u&gt;. Adm. Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.A.  551.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  agency&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;A governmental body charged with administering and implementing  particular legislation&lt;/u&gt;. In addition to "agency", such  governmental bodies may be called commissions, corporations (e.g., F.D.I.C.),  boards, departments, or divisions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;      &lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The  term "agency" includes any department, independent establishment,  commission, administration, authority, board or bureau of the United  States or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary  interest, unless the context shows that such term was intended to be  used in a more limited sense. 18 U.S.C.A.  1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  authority&lt;/b&gt;. The power of an agency or its head to carry out the terms  of the law creating the agency as well as to make regulations for the  conduct of business before the agency; distinguishable from legislative  authority to make laws. (ed., However, legislatures bring into law many  of the ordinances, rules and regulations promulgated by agencies.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  board&lt;/b&gt;. This term is very broad and includes bodies exercising varied  functions, some of which involve orders made or other acts done ex parte  or without full hearing as to the operative facts, while others are  done only after such a notice and hearing, and the functions of the  former kind are plainly "administrative" and those of the  latter are "quasi judicial." Beaverdale Memorial Park v. Danaher.  127 Conn. 175. 15 A.2d "17, 21. Administrative boards differ from  "courts" in that boards frequently represent public interest  entrusted to boards, whereas courts are concerned with litigating rights  of parties with adverse interests. Rommell v. Walsh, 127 Conn. 16, 15  A.2d 6, 9.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  collateral estoppel&lt;/b&gt;. Principles of this estoppel doctrine apply  when agency is &lt;u&gt;acting in a judicial capacity&lt;/u&gt; and resolves disputed  issues of fact properly before it which parties have had adequate opportunity  to litigate; threshold inquiry is whether earlier proceeding is essential  equivalent of judicial proceeding. City Wide Learning Center, Inc. v.  William C. Smith &amp;amp; Co., Inc., D.C. App., 488 A.2d 1310, 1313.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  crime&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;An offense consisting of a violation of an administrative  rule or regulation and carrying with it a criminal sanction&lt;/u&gt;. (ed.,  Such as: No driver’s license, failure to have auto insurance, etc.  [compelled contracts].)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  discretion&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;Term means that the doing of acts or things required  to be done may rest, in part at least, upon considerations not entirely  susceptible of proof or disproof and at times which considering the  circumstances and subject-matter cannot be supplied by the Legislature,  and a statute confers such discretion when it refers a commission or  office to beliefs, expectations, or tendencies instead of facts for  the exercise of the powers conferred&lt;/u&gt;. Culver v. Smith, Tex.Civ.App.,  74 S.W.2d 754, 757. (ed., Read this definition very closely. Remember,  the law is whatever the judge [magistrate] says the law is.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  hearing&lt;/b&gt;. An &lt;u&gt;oral proceeding&lt;/u&gt; before an administrative agency &lt;u&gt; consisting of argument or trial or both&lt;/u&gt;. Procedural rules are more  relaxed at such hearings as contrasted with civil or criminal trials;  e.g. &lt;u&gt;rules governing admissibility of evidence are usually quite  liberal.&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  interpretation&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;Meaning given to a law or regulation by an administrative  agency&lt;/u&gt;. (ed., Note carefully what this definition says. It begs  question: Who is making the rules?!) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  law&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;Body of law created by administrative agencies&lt;/u&gt; in the  form of rules, regulations, orders, and decisions to carry out regulatory  powers and duties of such agencies. (ed., Do not deceive yourself into  believing this does not apply to you Mr. &amp;amp; Mrs. America.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  law judge&lt;/b&gt;. One who presides at an administrative hearing, with power  to administer oaths, take testimony, rule on questions of evidence,  regulate course of proceedings, and make agency determinations of fact.  Formerly called "hearing officer" or "hearing examiner".  Adm. Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.A.  556.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  officer&lt;/b&gt;. Politically, and as used in constitutional law, an officer  of the executive department of government, and generally one of inferior  rank; legally, a ministerial or executive officer, as distinguished  from a judicial officer. (ed., Although, this can be a municipal judge  or a traffic court magistrate.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  order&lt;/b&gt;.   The final disposition of a matter before an administrative  agency; &lt;u&gt;product of an administrative adjudication&lt;/u&gt;. Such order  may be declaratory or it may contain an affirmative or negative command.  Adm. Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.A.  554. (ed., Obviously, judges/magistrates  are not the only government employees that adjudicate.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  Procedure&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;Methods and processes before administrative agencies  as distinguished from judicial procedure which applies to courts&lt;/u&gt;.  Procedural rules and regulations of most federal agencies are set forth  in the Code of Federal Regulations. See also Administrative Procedure  Act. (ed., Note: This are not court proceedings but the result can be: &lt;u&gt; Administrative Adjudication&lt;/u&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  Procedure Act&lt;/b&gt;.  Federal. Law enacted in 1946 (60 Stat. 237, 5 U.S.C.A.)  governing practice and proceedings before federal administrative agencies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;State&lt;/b&gt;.  Individual states have enacted variations of the federal Act. Such acts  govern proceedings before state administrative agencies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  process&lt;/b&gt;. In general, the procedure used before administrative agencies;  in particular, the means of summoning witnesses before such agencies,  e.g. subpoena.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  remedy&lt;/b&gt;.  Procedure for allowing person to assert a right to some  kind of relief before an administrative agency. Daniels v U.S., C.A.Cal.,  372 F.2d 407, 414. Non-judicial remedy provided by agency, board, commission,  or the like. In most instances, all administrative remedies must have  been exhausted before a court will take jurisdiction of a case; e.g.  U.S. District Courts will not consider a social security case unless  all hearing, appeal, etc. remedies before the Social Security Administration  have been exhausted. (ed., This is also true of inferior State courts,  since they will not examine any matter from a lower court until a final  order is signed by the judge [magistrate].)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  review&lt;/b&gt;. Generally refers to judicial review of administrative proceedings;  may also embrace appellate review within the administrative agency itself  Adm. Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.A.  557.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  rule&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;u&gt;Agency statement of general applicability&lt;/u&gt; and continuing  effect &lt;u&gt;that&lt;/u&gt; &lt;u&gt;interprets law or policy &lt;/u&gt; or describes agency requirements. (ed., Here we are told two (2) specific  Truths: (a). An agency interprets the law according to its policy and,  (b). If you come under its policy (contract), the agency makes the law.  (i.e., Do you have a driver’s license?)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  rule-making&lt;/b&gt;.  Power of an administrative agency to make rules and  regulations for proceedings before it. Adm. Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.A.   553 (ed., The US Code is stated here; However, States use the same procedure.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Administrative  tribunal&lt;/b&gt;.  &lt;u&gt;A particular administrative agency before which a  matter may be heard or tried as distinguished from a judicial forum&lt;/u&gt;.  (ed., Note: “a matter may be heard or &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;tried&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Advocate&lt;/b&gt;  - One who lends legal advice and aid and pleads the cause of another  before a court or a tribunal, a counselor, a lawyer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Affidavit &lt;/b&gt; - A written oath or affirmation made voluntarily before a person having  authority to administer such oath or affirmation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Allodial &lt;/b&gt; -  Free; not holden of any lord or superior; owned without obligation  or vassalage or fealty; the opposite of feudal. The complete dominion,  title, or proprietary right in a thing or claim. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Arrest warrant &lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;- &lt;/i&gt;A written order of the court made on behalf of the state or  United States, based upon a complaint issued pursuant to statute and/or  court rule, commanding law enforcement to arrest and bring an individual  before a magistrate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Benefit  - &lt;/b&gt;privilege.  Something to the advantage of, or profit to, the recipient.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Booty - &lt;/b&gt; Property captured from the enemy in war, on land.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Citizen  - &lt;/b&gt;A freeborn American with inalienable/unalienable Rights; a sovereign  individual  domiciled within one of the several states; an individual  not under contract or subscribing to government benefits of de facto  United States Government of Washington, D.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;citizen&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; of the United States&lt;/b&gt; - A 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment citizen, a corporate  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;person&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; with privileges granted by government.   A natural born American having given up inalienable/unalienable Rights  for government benefits, or an individual of foreign birth naturalized  by the United States Government (a National citizen.) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Civil Government &lt;/b&gt; - Derived from the Latin &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;civilis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, a citizen. From the  Latin, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;gubernaculum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, by which a nation or state is governed.  The regulation, restraint, supervision, or control which is exercised  by the individual members of an organized&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;jural society&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; by those invested with authority; or the  act of exercising political power or control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Civil law  - &lt;/b&gt;more properly called “municipal” law, to distinguish it from  the “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;law of nature&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (Common Law) and from international  law. The system of justice held and administered in the Roman Empire,  particularly as set forth in the compilation of Justinian and his successors,  comprised the Institutes, Codes, Digest, and Novels, and collectively  denominated the “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Corpus Juris Civilis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (The Body of Civil law).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Code &lt;/b&gt; - Encryption. A private or official compilation of all permanent laws  in force consolidated from judicial interpretation that have been compiled  by code commissions and &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;enacted by the legislatures&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and  classified according to subject matter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Commerce &lt;/b&gt; - The exchange of goods, production, or property of any kind; the buying,  selling, and exchanging of articles, business activities between individuals,  states, nations, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Commercial  Paper &lt;/b&gt;- Paper&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;currency, money of Government issue that is  legal tender by fiat or law&lt;b&gt;, &lt;/b&gt; does not represent nor is it based upon gold and silver and &lt;u&gt;contains  no promise of redemption&lt;/u&gt;. Bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank-checks,  and other negotiable instruments for the payment of money, which by  their form and on their face, purport to be such instruments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Common Law &lt;/b&gt; - Consists of principles, usage and rules of action applicable to government  and security of persons and property which do not rest for their authority  upon any express and positive declaration of the will of the legislature  but upon accepted and ancient maxims of Law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Compel&lt;/b&gt;  - The hallmark of compulsion is the presence of some operative force  producing an &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;involuntary&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; response (U.S. v. Escandar, C.A.Fla.,  465 F.2d 438, 442.); a forced obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Contract&lt;/b&gt;  - An agreement between two or more parties which creates an obligation  to do or not do a particular thing. (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Adhesion Contract&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  - weaker party has no realistic choice as to its terms. [229 Cal. Rptr.  828, 833.]  i.e., Driver’s License, Social Security, Internal  Revenue Service, etc., these are commercial contracts under international  treaties with the government of the United States.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Deception&lt;/b&gt;  - an intentional misleading by falsehood spoken or acted. Synonymous  with fraud. Knowingly and willfully making a false statement or representation,  expressed or implied, pertaining to a present or past existing fact. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;De facto&lt;/b&gt;  -&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;An act or actions done under &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;color of law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;  A government in possession by usurpation, or without legal title. This  phrase is used to characterize an officer, a government, a past action,  or a state of affairs which must be accepted for all practical purposes,  but is illegal or illegitimate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;De jure&lt;/b&gt;  - &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lawful&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;; of right; legitimate; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;constitutional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  by right and just title.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Democracy&lt;/b&gt;  - This form of government is rule by the majority; mob rule. There is  no reference to this word in the Constitution for the (u)nited States  of America.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Discharging  debt&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; The release of a debtor from all obligations that  are provable in bankruptcy; Construed by legislated law as a privilege  offered to 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment Citizens by government.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Domestic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;United States &lt;/b&gt;- The term United States when used in a geographical  sense includes Washington, D.C., the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the  Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa and all federal enclaves. (See:  Title 26, U.S.C.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Domicile  - &lt;/b&gt;That place where&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Citizen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; has his true,  fixed, and permanent home and principal establishment, and to which  whenever he is absent he has the intention of returning, as distinguished  from his temporary and transient, though actual, place of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;residence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Emperor  - &lt;/b&gt;The title of the sovereign ruler of an empire. This designation  was adopted by the rulers of the Roman world after the decay of the  republic, and was assumed by those who claimed to be the successors  in the “Holy Roman Empire,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; as also Napoleon. It appears to be  the appropriate style of the executive head of a federal government,  . . .comprising in its organization several distinct kingdoms or other &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; quasi&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/b&gt;sovereign&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;states . . . A holder of a sovereignty  extending over conquered or confederated peoples . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Empire - &lt;/b&gt; The dominion of jurisdiction of an emperor; the region over which the  dominion of an emperor extends; imperial power; supreme dominion; sovereign  command. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Entitlements  - &lt;/b&gt;Privileges to benefits, income or property which may be abridged  without due process of law&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Executive  Order &lt;/b&gt;- An order or regulation issued by the President or some administrative  authority under his direction for the purpose of interpreting, implementing,  or giving administrative effect to a provision of the Constitution or  some law or treaty. &lt;u&gt;To have the effect of law&lt;/u&gt;, such orders must  be published in the Federal Register&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Ex Post  Facto&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;law&lt;/b&gt; - A&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;law passed after the occurrence&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; of a fact or commission of an act, which retrospectively changes the  legal consequences or relations of such fact or deed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Freedom  - &lt;/b&gt;The state of being free; liberty; self-determination; absence  of restraint; the opposite of slavery. The prevalence, in a government  and constitution of a country, of such a system of laws and institutions  as secure liberty to the individual Citizen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Habeas Corpus  Act &lt;/b&gt;- Usually understood to mean release from unlawful imprisonment  by government from government.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Imperial  - &lt;/b&gt;Authority&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;of a country having control or sovereignty over  other countries or colonies. (See: Emperor and Empire.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Independent  Treasury &lt;/b&gt;- A national bank without influences outside the de jure  governing body. Not private or privately owned by or held by private  individuals within or without the nation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;International  law &lt;/b&gt;- Laws governing the legal relationship between nations. International  customs and treaties are considered to be the most important sources  of international law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;join issue  - &lt;/b&gt;To unite; to come together; to combine or unite in time, effort,  action; to enter into an alliance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Lex non  scripta &lt;/b&gt;- Latin - Unwritten Law or organic &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Law of the Land&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  Those unwritten Laws, statutes, customs and mores ascribed to a group  of people within a domain or land area and handed down to their progeny.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Liberty  - &lt;/b&gt;Rights with responsibilities; no license by government is required;  having standing at Law before the courts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;License &lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;- &lt;/i&gt;No rights with no responsibilities. The permission by competent  authority to do an act which, without such permission, would be illegal,  a trespass, tort, or otherwise not allowable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Money&lt;/b&gt;  - A medium of exchange &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;authorized&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;adopted&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  by a &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;domestic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; or foreign government as a part of its currency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Municipal &lt;/b&gt; - In its broader sense, it means pertaining to the public or governmental  affairs of a state or nation of people. Under National Emergency, it  is synonymous with Military jurisdiction&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Municipal  law - &lt;/b&gt;That which pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants  of a state, and is thus distinguished from political law, commercial  law, and international law. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; Synonymous with Military Rule, Military law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Nom De Guerre &lt;/b&gt; - French - An individual’s &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;name of war&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, a feigned or  fictitious name.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Non compos  mentis &lt;/b&gt;- Latin - One that is not mentally competent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Novation &lt;/b&gt; - Latin - The requisites are a previous valid obligation, an agreement  of all parties to a new contract, the extinguishment of the old obligation,  and the validity of the new one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Paying Debt &lt;/b&gt; - A monetary or other obligation satisfied with legal tender, silver  or gold, recognized under the constitution, as opposed to fiat money,  paper money of Government Issue that is legal tender by fiat or law&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; but&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;does not represent nor is it based upon gold or silver and  contains no promise of redemption.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Per legem  terrae&lt;/b&gt; -Latin – “Biblical Law;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; by the Law of the land; the Common  Law; by established and recognized ancient preexisting maxims of Law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Person&lt;/b&gt;  - An artificial government-created entity; a corporation; a State.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Persona  designata&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;Latin - The designated person.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Persona  Standi in Judicio&lt;/b&gt; - Latin - Individual or personal standing before  a court of proper venue and jurisdiction; the right to sue or be sued  before the court (14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment citizens do not have a right  (privilege) to sue their government.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Posse Comitatus&lt;/b&gt;  - The power or force of the county. The entire population of a county  above the age of fifteen, which a sheriff may summons to his assistance  in certain cases, as to aid him in keeping the peace, in pursuing and  arresting felons, &lt;u&gt;without interference by a military authority&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Privilege  - &lt;/b&gt;A freedom to act morally but only after permission has been granted  by some governmental entity.&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; A particular and peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person,  company, or class, beyond the common advantages of other citizens.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Prize - &lt;/b&gt; A vessel or cargo, belonging to one of two belligerent powers, apprehended  or forcibly captured at sea by a war-vessel or privateer of the other  belligerent, and claimed as enemy property, and therefore liable to  appropriation and condemnation under the laws of war.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Ponit se  super patraim, &lt;/b&gt;Lat&lt;b&gt;.  &lt;/b&gt; He puts himself upon the country&lt;b&gt;.  &lt;/b&gt; The defendants plea of not guilty in a criminal action was recorded,  in old English practice, in these words, or in the abbreviated form  “po. se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; or, more commonly, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pro Se.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Provost  Court - &lt;/b&gt;A Military court of any post, camp, city or other place  in military occupation or district under the reign of martial law. A  court for persons subject to military law committing offenses and adjudicating  punishment in pursuance of an courts-martial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Qualified&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; Resident&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;-&lt;/b&gt; One who has&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; a particular status through some endowment, acquisition, or achievement,  or may be described as one who has obtained legislated appropriate legal  power or capacity by taking an oath, completing a form, or complying  with other routine requirements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Remedy&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; - &lt;/b&gt;The means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right  is prevented, redressed, or compensated. “Rights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; includes remedies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Republic&lt;/b&gt;  - That form of government in which the administration of affairs is  open to all the Citizens; However, it is accomplished by rule of Law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Resident&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt; - &lt;/i&gt;One who resides or dwells in a place for a period of more, or  less, duration. Distinguished as his temporary and transient, though  actual, place of residence. Residents are citizens of Washington, D.C.,  no matter “. . . the State wherein they reside.” (The enacted, not  adopted, 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Right&lt;/b&gt;  - A freedom to act morally without asking permission.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Roman Law  - &lt;/b&gt;In a general sense, comprehends all the law which prevailed among  the Romans, without regard to the time of their origin, including the  collections of Justinian. In England and America, it appears to be customary  to use the phrase, indifferently with “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;the civil law&lt;/i&gt;,”&lt;/b&gt;  to designate the whole system of Roman Jurisprudence, including the  “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Corpus Juris Civilis&lt;/i&gt;.”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Sine Die&lt;/b&gt;  - Without day; without assigning a day for further meeting or hearing.  Hence, a legislative body adjourns sine die when it adjourns without  appointing a day on which to appear or assemble again (State ex rel.  Jones v. Atterbury, Mo., 300 S.W.2d 806, 811.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Sovereign&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; - &lt;/b&gt;A Citizen, a jural body, or state in which independent and supreme  authority is vested; the chief ruler(s) with supreme power.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Stare decisis&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; - &lt;/b&gt;Latin - To abide by, or adhere to, decided legal “Law of the  Land” cases. Policy of courts to stand by precedent and not to disturb  settled point. (Neff v.George, 4 N.E.2d 388, 390, 391.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;state&lt;/b&gt;  - An sovereign independent fixed and bounded section of territory occupied  by one of the American states. (Foreign state - The several United States  are considered “foreign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; to each other and District of Columbia,  except as regards their relations as common members of the Union of  states.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;State&lt;/b&gt;  - 28 USC 3002(A)(14), “State means any of the several States, the  District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth  of the Northern Marianas, or any territory or possession of the United  States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Tontine&lt;/b&gt;  - In French law, a species of association or partnership formed among  persons who are in receipt of perpetual or life annuities, with the  agreement that the shares or annuities of those who die shall accrue  to the survivors. It may also consist of loan assurances (contracts)  with international parties through private associations, such as banks,  and are perpetual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Treason&lt;/b&gt;  – “Treason against the United States shall consist in levying war  against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;  (Art. 3, Sec 3, U.S. Constitution.) Note: This definitive statement  does not include insurrection or rebellion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Treaties&lt;/b&gt;  - The term has a far more restricted meaning under the U.S. Constitution  than under international law. (Weinberger v, Rossi, Dist. Col., 456  U.S. 25, 102 S.Ct. 1510, 1514, 71 L.Ed..2d 715.)  A treaty is not  only a law but also a contract between two nations and must, if possible,  be so construed as to give full force and effect to all parts. (United  States v. Reed, C.C.A.Or., 73 F.2d 153,155. (Treaties are contracts  under international law but may be illegal if they do not meet Constitutional  confines or requirements.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Trustee  - &lt;/b&gt;One in whom an estate, interest or power is vested, under an expressed  or implied agreement to administer or exercise it for the benefit or  the use of another. The trustee owes a fiduciary duty to the beneficiary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;United States &lt;/b&gt; - 28 USC 3002(A)(15)(A), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; means - a Federal Corporation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Venue&lt;/b&gt;  - deals with the locality of those that possess adequate personal and  subject matter jurisdiction that may hear a specific question or controversy.   The particular county or geographical area, in which a court with jurisdiction  may hear and determine a case.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;War Powers&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt; - &lt;/b&gt;Commonly referring to Article 1, 8, par.11, U.S. Constitution: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:WP TypographicSymbols;font-size:100%;"  &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; Congress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; shall have power . . . To declare war, grant letter  of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and  Water . . .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:100%;"  &gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;War zone&lt;/b&gt;  - (Under a declared or undeclared National emergency) Washington, D.C.,  the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American  Samoa and all federal enclaves. (See: Title 26, U.S.C., Domestic United  States.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Note&lt;/b&gt;:  Most Glossary definitions presented here are in whole or in part from  various editions of Black’s Law Dictionaries, U.S. Codes and historical  documents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:180%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTABLE QUOTES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;It is  better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in man.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Psalms  118:8 (NKJV)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;There  is tranquility in ignorance, but servitude is its partner.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;During World  War II, Winston Churchill remarked, "&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;If you will not fight  for right when you can easily win without bloodshed; if you will not  fight when your victory will be sure and not too costly; you may come  to the moment when you will have to fight with all odds against you  and only a precarious chance of survival.  There may be even a  worse fate, you may have to fight when there is no hope of victory,  because it is better to perish than to live as slaves.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"I  consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground;  That "all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution,  nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to  the people." To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially  drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless  field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;--  Thomas Jefferson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; (1791)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The  States supposed that by their tenth amendment, they had secured themselves  against constructive powers."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; -- Thomas Jefferson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Henry Grady  Weaver, author of a classic book on freedom, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Mainspring of  Human Progress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt; years ago warned us that good intentions  in politics are not good enough and actually are dangerous to the cause. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Weaver  stated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Most  of the major ills of the world have been caused by well-meaning people  who ignored the principle of individual freedom, except as applied  to themselves, and who were obsessed with fanatical zeal to improve  the lot of mankind- in-the-mass through some pet formula of their own.  The harm done by ordinary criminals, murderers, gangsters, and thieves  is negligible in comparison with the agony inflicted upon human beings  by the professional do-gooders, who attempt to set themselves up as  gods on earth and who would ruthlessly force their views on all others--with  the abiding assurance that the end justifies the means."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:180%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Forget  them not...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Of  all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity,  religion and morality are indispensable supports. It is impossible to  rightly govern the world without God and the Bible”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; -- George  Washington &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Our  ancestors established their system of government on morality and religious  sentiment. Moral habits, they believed, cannot safely be entrusted on  any other foundation than religious principle, not any government secure  which is not supported by moral habits.... Whatever makes men good Christians,  makes them good citizens."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; -- Daniel Webster &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The  highest glory of the American Revolution was this; it connected, in  one indissoluble bond the principles of civil government with the principles  of Christianity."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;-- John  Quincy Adams &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"It  cannot be emphasized too strongly or too often that this great nation  was founded, not by religionists, but by Christians; not on religions,  but on the gospel of Jesus Christ! For this very reason peoples of other  faiths have been afforded asylum, prosperity, and freedom of worship  here”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; – Patrick Henry (Professed but not documented)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"We  have staked the future of all of our political institutions upon the  capacity of mankind for self-government, upon the  capacity of each and all of us to govern ourselves, to control ourselves,  to sustain ourselves according to the Ten Commandments of God."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;-- James  Madison, chief architect of the Constitution &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"No  free man shall ever be de-barred the use of arms. The strongest reason  for the people to retain their right to keep and bear arms is as a last  resort to protect themselves against tyranny in government."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  -- Thomas Jefferson &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The  said constitution shall never be construed to authorize congress to  prevent the people of the United States who are peaceable citizens from  keeping their own arms."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt; -- Samuel  Adams &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The  great object is that every man be armed. Everyone who is able may have  a gun."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;-- Patrick  Henry &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Baskerville Old Face;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Statesmen  may plan and speculate for liberty, but it is religion and morality  alone which can establish the princip
